1. Regulatory Requirements Background
Department of Natural Resources Stormwater Discharge Permits Chapter NR 216
To meet the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act - MS4s are permitted in Wisconsin through NR 151 & 216
… to minimize the discharge of pollutants carried by storm water runoff from certain industrial facilities, construction sites and municipal storm sewer systems…

2. Permit Requirements Public Outreach and Education
Permittee must implement a public education and outreach program to increase the awareness of stormwater pollution impacts on waters of the state to encourage changes in public behavior to reduce such impacts.

3. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Public Outreach and Education
Inform and educate the general public about stormwater practices
Inform and educate those who design, install and maintain stormwater management practices
Identify businesses that may pose a stormwater concern
Promote environmentally sensitive development

4. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Permit Requirements
Public Involvement and Participation
Permittee must implement a program to notify the public of activities required by this permit to encourage input and participation from the public regarding these activities
What is Your Municipality Doing?
Notify the public of required permit activities
Encourage input and participation from the public

5. What is an Illicit Discharge?
Permit Requirements
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Recognizing the adverse effects illicit discharges can have on receiving waters, the Permittee shall develop, implement and enforce a program to detect and remove illicit connections and discharges to the MS4.
What is an Illicit Discharge?
any discharge to the MS4 that is not composed entirely of storm water
Exceptions include discharges allowed under an WPDES permit or waters used for firefighting operations.

6. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Adopt an ordinance that prevents and eliminates illicit discharges
Complete initial field screening of all major outfalls
Continue on-going dry weather field screening of outfalls
Create an illicit discharge response procedure

7. Permit Requirements Construction Site Pollutant Control
Permittee shall develop, implement and enforce a program to reduce the discharge of sediment and construction materials from construction sites.

8. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Construction Site Pollutant Control
Control the sediment load coming off the construction sites
Maintain or reduce the peak runoff discharge rate
Infiltrate water running off the site
Maintain protective areas
Remove all visible sheen from petroleum product runoff

9. Permit Requirements Post-Construction Storm Water Management
Permittee shall develop, implement and enforce a program to require control of the quality and quantity of discharges from areas of new development and redevelopment, after construction is completed.

10. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Post-Construction Storm Water Management
Alternatives to Pavement
Stormwater Pond
Onsite Stormwater Retention & Infiltration
Parking Lot Management of Stormwater

11. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Permit Requirements
Pollution Prevention
Permittee shall develop and implement a pollution prevention program that establishes measureable goals for pollution prevention.
What is Your Municipality Doing?
Storage of chemicals (salt, chlorine, etc.)
Management of city property (garage, buildings, parks, etc)
Street/Parking lot sweeping
Hazardous Waste collection & management
Catch basin cleaning
Routine inspection and maintenance of stormwater management facilities
Proper waste disposal of street sweeping and catch basin debris

12. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Permit Requirements
Storm Water Quality Management
Permittee shall develop and implement a municipal stormwater management program.
What is Your Municipality Doing?
City stormwater master plan
20% TSS Reduction
Was 40% removed via Governor’s bill last year
Mainly being met by Street weeping and stormwater ponds

13. What is Your Municipality Doing?
Permit Requirements
Storm Sewer System Mapping
Permittee shall develop and maintain a MS4 map.
What is Your Municipality Doing?

14. Permit Requirements
Each year, permitted communities must submit an annual report to WDNR reporting on:
the status of implementing the permit requirements
a fiscal analysis which includes the annual expenditures and budget for the reporting year, and the budget for the next year
a summary of the number and nature of enforcement actions
a summary of inspections conducted to comply with the required legal authorities
identification of water quality improvements or degradation.

15. TMDL – Total Maximum Daily Load
What’s a TMDL?
TMDL – Total Maximum Daily Load
A TMDL is the maximum amount of a particular pollutant that a water body can receive while still meeting water quality standards.

16. Algae growth in lake resulting from too much phosphorous
Why do we need a TMDL?
The Federal Clean Water Act requires all “impaired waters” to have TMDLs .
Impaired waters are waters that are not meeting expectations for fish and aquatic life, recreation, public health and welfare and wildlife.
Currently there are more than 700 rivers, streams and lakes on Wisconsin’s list of impaired waters.
Algae growth in lake resulting from too much phosphorous
Every two years, section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires states to publish a list of all waters that are not meeting the following designated uses: fish and aquatic life, recreation, public health and welfare, and wildlife. The existing Impaired Waters List includes more than 700 rivers, streams and lakes. In 2012, updates include 138 new waters to the list. The primary pollutants are total phosphorus, mercury and total suspended solids. Twenty eight waters are being proposed for delisting including 3 streams that have been successfully restored: German Valley Branch in Dane County and Eagle and Joos Valley Creeks in Buffalo County.

17. What happens after a TMDL is set?
A TMDL determines the allowable amounts of a particular pollutant in a certain water body. If the amount of that pollutant entering a water body exceeds the TMDL then …
WDNR determines how to achieve the reduction needed.
Allowable amounts of pollution are allocated to permitted industries, municipalities and wastewater treatment plants.
Updates to individual permits are made to account for the reduction needed to meet the TMDL.
It is used to create a budget
That is used to update your permit

18. How Might a TMDL affect Your MUNICIPALITY?
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility
Municipal Stormwater System
A big change, much more restrictive, Your municipal wastewater treatment facility may need to reduce their contribution of one or more pollutants. This may be done by improving or adding additional treatment processes.
Your municipal stormwater system may be required to reduce your contribution of one or more pollutants. This may be done by install additional management practices in order to achieve water quality improvements.
Fox River in Kimberly, June Photo credit Bruce Cleland, Tetra Tech
For many communities affected by a TMDL, large reductions must be met by both the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility and the Municipal Stormwater System – this increased reduction has the potential to come at a high cost for both facets.

19. How can Your Municipality meet TMDL Requirements?
Best Management Practices
New options to meet permit requirements:
Water Quality Trading
Adaptive Management
To meet TMDL requirements more cost effectively, permitted entities may need to consider new ideas like Water Quality Trading and/or Adaptive Management - both use a watershed approach, allowing permit holders to work with other point or non-point source discharges to meet total reductions.
Briefly explain WQT and Adaptive Management
Fox River at the Bay of Green Bay, April Photo credit Steve Seilo, Photodynamix
Example:
Currently, XX,XXX tons per year of Phosphorous (TP) are loaded into the Example River.
WDNR determined that the TMDL allocates XX,XXX tons per year of TP.
A XX% reduction.

20. Meeting permit options
BMPs
Water Quality Trading
Adaptive Management
AVAILABILITY
Available to all permit holders
Available to NR 217 permit holders (wastewater) NR 216 permit holders (stormwater) are able to partner if available
Ponds, Sweeping, Rain Gardens, Bio-filters
Using trading ratios, set by DNR, purchase credits for lbs. removed by BMP of another stakeholder – could be a WWTF, Agriculture or another community.
Create and implement a plan to meet the impaired waterbody’ s water quality criteria. This may mean a combination of bricks & mortar projects and partnering with agriculture to install BMPs.
GOAL
End goal to reach permit requirements
End goal to reach to permit requirements
End goal to reach water quality criteria
Potentially highest cost / least risk
Potentially lower cost / less risk than AM
Potentially lowest cost / highest risk Regional collaboration for highest success rate
To meet TMDL requirements more cost effectively, permitted entities may need to consider new ideas like Water Quality Trading and/or Adaptive Management - both use a watershed approach, allowing permit holders to work with other point or non-point source discharges to meet total reductions.
Briefly explain WQT and Adaptive Management