1. EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES
Goran Sporiš

2. ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
A formal body of knowledge discovered, developed, and disseminated through scholarly research and inquiry

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
What is the meaning of each of these?
A body of knowledge
A conceptual framework
Scholarly procedures and methods of inquiry
Both the process of discovery and the end result
Describe the research process.

4. THE RESEARCH PROCESS http://scholar.google.com/
Identify the topics, themes, concepts, terms, or keywords (broadly, then narrowly as appropriate) — one may use a search engine like Google to begin but do not use this exclusively
When using web sites, you must differentiate between scholarly, professional organizations, governmental, wikis, plogs, commercial, etc. ge
Format of information — books; professional (peer reviewed) journalistic articles; popular articles; other
Databases
Sport Discus a1ea d8-901f-3d63d462d726%40SRCSM1

5. NATURAL, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Numerous disciplines provide the content and methods of scientific inquiry used by researchers in the exercise and sport sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Chemistry
History
Philosophy
Physics
Physiology
Psychology
Sociology

6. Exercise and Sport Sciences
Physiology
Athletic
Training
Motor
Development
Motor Control
and Motor
Learning
Sport
Biomechanics
Sport and
Psychology
Sociology
Management
Philosophy
History

7. EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
The study of the causes and consequences of bodily functioning and changes occurring due to physical activity
Based on an understanding of the anatomic and physiological bases of human movement
Investigates the biochemical reactions that supply muscles with energy
Examines changes in the cardiovascular system and other physiological parameters

8. ATHLETIC TRAINING
The study and application of the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of sports injuries
Design and help implement conditioning programs
Assess injuries and needs for immediate first aid
Provide preventive taping and treatment modalities
Work with physicians to help athletes regain their abilities to perform

9. MOTOR LEARNING
The study of the internal processes associated with movement or repetitive actions that result in changes in response or performance
Important to the learning of motor skills are
Relationship of movements to prior knowledge and skills
Transfer of learning
Involvement of cognitive processes
Types of practice sessions
Feedback
Building on the neuro-muscular pathways learned through motor control, motor learning adds the knowledge of results, feedback, and optimal practice methods

10. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
The maturation and changes in motor behavior throughout life and the factors that affect them
Performance of motor skills is influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors
Throughout life, individuals progress from unskilled movements to the learning of complex motor patterns
Perceptual-motor skills are especially important to the learning of sport skills

11. SPORT BIOMECHANICS
The study of the effects of anatomical and physiological effects of natural laws and internal and external forces acting on the human body during movement
Factors that influence human movement include
Force of muscular contractions
Flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of muscles
Composition of muscle fibers
Equilibrium, center of gravity, and base of support
Transfer of momentum
Force absorption
Leverage
Biomechanical analyses examine acceleration, energy, mass, power, torque, and velocity

12. SPORT HISTORY
The descriptive and analytical examination of significant people, events, organizations, and trends that shaped the past
Descriptive history explains
Events
Individuals’ contributions
Pivotal happenings
Analytical history explains
The significance of historical occurrences
Interpretations within the societal context

13. SPORT MANAGEMENT
The study of the theoretical and applied aspects of leading, planning, organizing, staffing, funding, and conducting sporting events
Includes these management functions: planning, organizing, directing, and evaluating
Involves business components of marketing, accounting, economics, finance, and the law

14. SPORT PHILOSOPHY
The study of the beliefs and values of humans as displayed within sport and an analysis of their meaning and significance
Examines the beautiful and ugly and the good and bad in sport
Seeks an understanding of how and why people play and engage in sport

15. SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
The study of human behavior in sport, including an understanding of the mental processes that interact with motor skill performance
Includes a study of the theories of learning, importance of reinforcement, and linkages of perceptual and motor factors
Involves an understanding of achievement motivation, arousal, attribution, and personality development

16. SPORT SOCIOLOGY
The study of a sport as a social phenomenon and an examination of the social structures, processes, and groups within the sporting context
Seeking to understand why people play and how their involvement with sports influences them
Examines concepts such as social mobility, class and gender stratification, racial and ethnic discrimination, team dynamics, and social consciousness and values

17. EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES QUIZ
Which of the exercise and sport sciences studies oxygen utilization during cardio-respiratory exercise and metabolic responses to exercise and training?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences describes and analyzes the past?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences studies how people learn skills, especially through practice and feedback?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences studies how sport impacts on social units, processes, and institutions?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences analyzes the impact of motion, force, and energy on sport performance?

18. EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES QUIZ
Which of the exercise and sport sciences analyzes the developmental patterns associated with movement and skill performance?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences uses extensive knowledge of the body to help athletes stay injury free and return to competition safely?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences seeks to understand why people act as they do based on their values?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences involves providing sports products and conducting sporting events?
Which of the exercise and sport sciences uses various mental coping strategies to aid sports performances?

19. TECHNOLOGY
Incorporates the use of computer software as a tool to achieve physical education, exercise science, and sport goals — Name several examples
Exercise and sport scientists use technology hardware and software to help in the analysis of human movement, to measure the effectiveness of exercise programs on bodily functions, and for data collection and analysis.
Databases with the help of search engines provide online access to professional journals and other information.

20. HUMANITIES
Help focus on the aesthetic aspects of movement, such as through art, literature, and music
Art includes various forms of dance and sculptures and frescos of athletes and human movement.
Literature can include sports biographies as well as analytical critiques about sport and physical activity.
Music can accompany human movement to enrich the experience.