1. How do we interpret the past?
Writing History
Why do we study History?
How do we interpret the past?
Who decides what happened in the past?

2. Types of History Narrative-tells a story of a specific period in time
Analytical-examines or studies a period of time

3. Historical Evidence Scientific Method
Formulates hypothesis (tentative answer to the problem).
Collects facts and data to test his/her hypothesis.
Modifies his/her hypothesis in accordance with the direction in which the facts lead.
Draws conclusions or generalizations from his or her findings.

4. Types of Evidence
Primary Sources – the original source, first in order of time, the most important.
Secondary Sources – based on primary sources, generally interpretive.
Tertiary Sources – based on secondary sources, such as most history textbooks.

5. Classification of Evidence
Material Objects – artifacts
Written Materials – books, journals, diaries
Aural and Visual Materials – CD’s, tape recordings, paintings, television, and posters
Oral Sources – traditional beliefs and sayings, folklore.

6. Objectivity in History
Frame of Reference – assumptions and beliefs, which he/her holds about nature of man and the universe.
Bias – his or her preferences, likes and dislikes.