1. Food supplements PC stores Creatine – increases –
energy – no known long-term problems, but not been around for long! Expect ! Not banned in UK
Protein – taken to increase enough in balanced diet - no need to take more!
PC stores
anaerobic
kidney damage
muscle mass

2. Food supplements
Caffeine – increases fat use in aerobic activities – – can cause dehydration. No longer banned!
Bicarbonate of soda – effects of
– delays fatigue – but causes stomach cramps and vomiting!
‘glycogen sparing’
‘buffers’
lactate

3. Athlete’s diet No need for any specialist foods Simple is adequate
Sufficient gained from nutritious rather than junk foods
Sufficient vitamins and minerals from
Sufficient protein from
balanced diet
Calories
fruit, vegetables and grains
lean meat and fish

4. Performance-enhancing drugs
When difference between being first with fame and fortune and being second with small rewards can be so small, athletes are always looking to
Many athletes simply take what they are given/offered without knowledge of the potential
All the following are banned by
gain an edge
side-effects
WADA

5. Drugs - EPO
Hormone that increases number of blood cells – better oxygen transport – better
Increased red blood cells leads to increased
– stresses heart –
Erythropoietin
red
stamina
blood viscosity
heart attacks

6. Drugs – Anabolic steroids
derivatives
Hormone - increases synthesis of muscle protein – also decreases by inhibiting protein breakdown – increased
possible – increasing
Dangerous side-effects – liver and kidney tumours, severe acne,
Testosterone
recovery time
training
strength and power
sexual characteristics altered

7. Drugs – hGH Human growth hormone derivatives
Hormone – regulates growth, including
– increases muscle, tendon and ligament mass; speeds up
Side-effects – joint diseases, dangerously high
, irregular heart rhythms, inhibits pituitary gland functioning
Human growth hormone
muscle and connective tissue
repair
blood pressure

8. Drugs – Betablockers adrenaline Block action of
Drug – lowers heart rate and blood pressure. Steadies body/hands for events like and
Side-effects – poor circulation, fatigue, disturbed sleep patterns
adrenaline
shooting
archery