1. Chapter 9- The Era of Thomas Jefferson

2. Election of 1800 Tied Aaron Burr in electoral votes
Needed to be decided by he House of Representatives
Jefferson wins

3. Republican Policies
Believed in a laissez-faire style of government= government should not intervene in the economy.
Reduced number of people working in federal government
Cut federal taxes

4. Marbury v. Madison
Granted the Supreme Court the power of judicial review = the right for the Supreme Court to declare federal laws unconstitutional.
gave more power to the judicial branch.

6. The Nation looks west
By 1800, more than 1 million Americans lived west of the Appalachian Mountains
More wanted to move west but we did not own the land
Farmers in the West shipped many of their goods using the Mississippi River.

7. Importance of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
The majority of the population lived on the east coast. So the Mississippi River was vital in shipping goods to where the population was
The goods would travel down the Mississippi River through the Port of New Orleans, into the Gulf of Mexico, around Florida and up to east coast cities.
Was extremely difficult to ship goods across land:
No roads
No rail roads yet
Mountainous terrain
No vehicles
Slow
Dangerous- Native Americans and bad weather

8. The New Orleans Problem
Belonged to Spain
Spain threatened to close down the port to American ships
Spain secretly sells the Louisiana Territory to the French.
Greatly increases France’s power in N. America

9. The New Orleans SOLUTION
Jefferson sends James Madison to France to try and buy New Orleans
France had just lost their colony in Haiti to a revolution
France could no longer protect Louisiana Territory
French were willing to sell us the territory

10. The Greatest real estate deal in human history???
U.S. buys the Louisiana Territory for $15 million or about 4 cents an acre
Expands U.S. boundaries to the Rocky Mountains in the West.
Doubles the size of the country
Gain full control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

12. Jefferson’s Dilemma
Did he have the power as President to buy land from another nation?
Remember, Jefferson was a Republican who believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
But it did say that he could make treaties with other nations.
Decides to go ahead with the purchase.

13. The War of 1812- The second War of Independence
What were the Causes and Effects of the War of 1812?

14. Why were we upset with Britain?
Impressing our ships
Arming the Native Americans on the frontier
Not respecting our legitimacy as a sovereign nation

15. Nationalism Strong feelings of pride in one’s country
Warhawks- people who were eager for war with Britain.
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

16. Why we declared war
Britain said they would continue impressing our ships.
Native Americans continued to attack our western territories.

17. Early in the War
We struggled because Jefferson had significantly cut the size of our military.
British blockaded the Atlantic coast.
Closed off all American ports by 1814

19. Invasion of Canada Failed miserably for the US
Were victorious in Lake Erie, forced British to abandon Detroit.

20. War in the south
General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

21. British attack D.C. and Baltimore
British had defeated Napoleon in Europe and could now send more troops to North America.
British set fire to the White House and other government buildings
British bombarded Forth McHenry in Baltimore’s Harbor
Was the inspiration for the “Star Spangled Banner.”
America prevailed.

22. Treaty of Ghent War ends when the British tired of fighting
Agreement to end the war was signed in Ghent, Belgium
Treaty called for things to return to normal.

23. Threats to secede
Many northerners resented President Madison for going to war.
Connecticut and other northern states threatened to secede, or leave the Union.
European nations now had to accept our independence and treat us with respect.