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Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Uganda
Pathways for change: biosecurity to enhance food security and strengthen animal industries Noelina Nantima Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Uganda
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Outline 1. Introduction 2. Objective of the study 3. Significance of the study 4. Materials and Methods 5. Results 6. Implications for ASF control 7. Way forward
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1.0 Introduction Pig rearing has considerable potential in raising household incomes of the rural small holder poor farmers Outbreaks of ASF hampering the development of the pig sector Almost all pigs that get affected by ASF die leading to loss of income and food security Current strategies to control ASF are aimed at improving biosecurity
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2.0 Objective of the study To assess small holder pig farmers awareness, knowledge and perception of appropriate ASF biosecurity practices and feasibility of adoption in four neighboring districts along the Uganda-Kenya boarder Study Area Uganda Busia & Tororo districts Kenya Teso & Busia districts
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Why assess feasible biosecurity measures?
3.0. Significance Why assess feasible biosecurity measures? Only good biosecurity will prevent spread of ASF Farmer awareness of ASF biosecurity is a prerequisite for adoption Smallholder capacity to adopt ASF biosecurity measures was unknown Farmer Jennifer Swara using a disinfectant foot bath for the first time
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4.0 Materials and Methods The project developed simple biosecurity messages on a calendar Poster calendar produced for Kenya and for Uganda Translated into local languages Uganda-Luganda, Samia, Ateso, Japhadola Kenya-Swahili, Samia, Ateso, Luo
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Calendar distributed after the cross-sectional study to avoid bias
Messages were explained to the farmers Calendar poster tested with farmers in focus groups to get feedback on biosecurity messages (Kenya version, also printed for Uganda)
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In the study site, farmers are not conscious that ASF virus can be spread by infected pigs getting in contact with healthy pigs or by people movement/on people’s feet In the study site, pigs are tethered some of the time, never housed, some free range during the night and some after crop harvest
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In the study site, farmers say that they use swill that does not contain pork
In the study site , 25% of farms fed their pigs on swill in addition to other food stuffs
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In the study site, farmers were not aware that pigs looking apparently healthy could be incubating ASF Farmers said that it is not be possible to isolate boars during service
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In the study site, farmers said that they have never heard about disinfectants nor know that are supposed to use them In the study site , 4% of farmers interviewed said that they use disinfectants on their farms
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Some farmers said it is a taboo to bury pigs, it is throwing away luck and wealth, some said it is throwing away food and money In the study site, farmers were not aware that ASFV can be spread through infected dead pigs or pork or bones
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In the study site, farmers are not conscious that ASF virus can be spread by infected pigs getting in contact with healthy pigs or by people movement/on people’s feet In the study site, farmers say that they use swill that does not contain pork
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In the study site , some farmers were not aware that they supposed to report sick pigs to the vet
In the study site, farmers said that vets are too few & do not take action when contacted, charge farmers & put quarantines , vets do not exist in some areas
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4.0. Materials & Methods Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
24 FGDs in 13 villages Villages selected purposively Developed check list to guide FGDs Conducted the FGDs Study Area
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5.0 RESULTS 5.1 Number of villages aware of each message
Number of villages with at least some people who were aware of the biosecurity message. highest awareness was movement of pigs Number of villages
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5.2. Level of awareness Number of villages with at least some people who were aware of the biosecurity message. The level of awareness of biosecurity messages was generally very low Number of villages where focus groups held Number of messages
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5.3 Capacity to change Farmers said they are willing to do something but it needs institutional change
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What people need to improve
5.3 Capacity to change What people need to improve Provide better breeds that mature fast Construct model pig units Provide learning Aids. Provide ready market for selling pigs Model 1 is not likely to address equity issues at the farm level and require high technology approaches The second approach is a more pro-poor approach that can also have a global impact World pig keeping model is the smallholder type of production
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What people need to improve
5.3 Capacity to change What people need to improve Provide technical advice on pig keeping, treatment and disease control Provide loan facilities through microfinance institutions (feeds, drugs) Compensate farmers when they lose pigs due to ASF Model 1 is not likely to address equity issues at the farm level and require high technology approaches The second approach is a more pro-poor approach that can also have a global impact World pig keeping model is the smallholder type of production
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What people need to improve
5.3 Capacity to change What people need to improve Provide regular training to farmers in good pig farming practices Compensate farmers when they lose pigs due to ASF Increase availability and accessibility of affordable veterinary services Model 1 is not likely to address equity issues at the farm level and require high technology approaches The second approach is a more pro-poor approach that can also have a global impact World pig keeping model is the smallholder type of production
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6.0 Implications for ASF Control
Generally farmers were not aware of most of the biosecurity measures (aver 77.7%) this could be one of the reasons why there are sporadic outbreaks of ASF Develop a holistic and participatory approach in the designing, development and implementation of feasible biosecurity practices
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6.0 Implications for ASF Control
To understand what farmers know and perceive as barriers to adoption of biosecurity. If they do not understand and appreciate, they will not adopt biosecurity practices. Need for regular sensitization and training of farmers on the importance of biosecurity in the prevention and control of ASF
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7.0 Way Forward Involve all stakeholders in ASF control
What innovations could help farmers to change? compensation? insurance for pig farmer? Give incentives to farmers who report?
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