1. CHANGES TO CPR PROTOCOLS
John Lippmann
Stuart Wall

2. In general terms The ARC believes that;
Any attempt at resuscitation is better than no attempt.4
Interruptions to compressions should be minimised.4
Compressions should be delivered faster and harder.4
Over ventilation should be avoided.4
A defibrillator should be attached and used as soon as possible.4
4. Australian Resuscitation Council. (2006). New changes to resuscitation guidelines. Retrieved July 21st, 2006, from

3. The main changes for LSV
30:2 rates for one and two person operations in all patients.7
Two initial breaths instead of five. 7
The two initial breaths and the two breaths in the 30:2 cycle will be known as “rescue breathing”. 7
Removal of pulse checks and removal of EAR from the resuscitation algorithm. 7
Changing compression operators every 2 minutes. 7
7. Surf Life Saving Australia - Circular /06. (April 2006). Change-Management for Changes to Resuscitation.

4. DRABCD UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM
C – Compressions
Give 30 chest compressions
Followed by 2 breaths
Continue until help arrives
or signs of life return
D – Defibrillation
Attach AED
and follow prompts
Place in recovery position
Monitor vital signs
Provide oxygen
Presentation by Meagan Fry

5. Assessing the Airway
A casualty should only be rolled onto his or her side to clear the airway if he or she has potentially sustained a submersion injury or the airway requires clearing.
LSV will continue to educate patrolling members to roll casualties on their side because it is an aquatic based service.
The assessment may be conducted with the patient on his or her back if it is a non aquatic based assessment.

6. Signs of Life Responsiveness Breathing ‘normally’ Moving in any way
Verbal and tactile stimuli
Breathing ‘normally’
Even if the casualty takes occasional gasps (agonal respirations), these are not considered “normal breathing” rescuers should suspect that cardiac arrest has occurred and should start CPR.
Moving in any way

7. Rescue Breathing If there are no signs of life:
Give 2 Rescue Breaths
Allowing 1 sec for inspiration
Allow chest to fall prior to next breath
After giving 2 Rescue Breaths:
If casualty begins to breathe normally (ie. regularly), place in recovery position.
If no signs of life commence CPR.

8. Compressions Hand placement is to be “in centre of chest”.
Compressions are to be administered at a rate of 100 compressions per minute for casualties of all sizes.
1/3 depth of chest for casualties of all sizes.
Rescuers should allow complete recoil of the chest after each compression.

9. Compression/Ventilation Ratio
30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths for 1 and 2 person CPR in adults and children (rate of 100/minute).
Chest compressions should be performed with minimal “hands off” time. Interruptions to compressions may reduce chances of survival.
At least 5 cycles of 30:2 are delivered every 2 minutes.
The chest compression operator should change every 5 cycles if personnel are available.

10. CPR is continued uninterrupted until:
Signs of Life return.
Qualified help arrives.
Operator is unable to continue due to exhaustion.
Authorized person pronounces ‘life extinct’.