1. Week Nine: Organizations, Socialization and Motivation
PIA 2020
Week Nine: Organizations, Socialization and Motivation

2. Anti-Bureaucrats and Ideologues
Video
Trumpism without Trump 1932 .
With Huey P. Long, and Gerald L. K. Smith

3. Can Bureaucracy be Reformed?
Question of the Week
Public Organizations
Can Bureaucracy be Reformed?

4. Enduring Features in Organizations
Capacities and performance
The perennial tensions between official (and) Personal norms and the control of bureaucratic power (Corruption)
Ecology and the Environment
Internationalization of Public Policy

5. How to Reform:
Organizational and Administrative Reform (Motivation and Communication)
Civil Service Reform (Recruitment)
Fiscal Reform (Spending and Ownership)
Policy Reform (Law and Order vs. Development)

6. Overview A Cultural Approach Political Culture Organizational Culture
Values and Motivation
Socialization

7. I. The Cultural Approach
An Ideal?

8. A Cultural Comparison

9. Thesis
Political, Administrative Culture and Socialization have a major impact on organizational behavior.
Question to Return to: Can we Reform or Reinvent Government given Premises about Organizations and Socialization. (Osborne and Gabler)

10. The Multi- Cultural Issue: Two Assumptions
1. Many cultures: regional, administrative, ethnic, professional, etc. including hierarchy of values
2. These are effected by historical origin, race, gender, education, region, etc.

11. Austro-Hungarian Empire: What is the Culture Today?

12. Philippine Military Academy cadets-- good examples of the workings of cultural transmission

13. Europe 2006 to 2016? Crisis: Does Europe deal with it differently?

14. The Key
Three dimensions of Culture

15. The Way Things Are Learned
May be cognitive, evaluative or emotional
Vague Patriotic image- eg. U.S. paternal- President as "super-friend" and father image (shattered by Watergate and post-Watergate- See Bob Woodward’s Books About Bush (and Tina Fey’s Sarah Palin)
Societal and community definitions
Personal identification with government

16. Three components of Culture
a. Information and Measurable Understanding
b. Beliefs and Values
c. Emotions

17. The Cognitive Dimension- What people know.
a. The set of historical and cultural information to which any native of the society is automatically tuned in
b. All societies have their peculiarities which are part of their political culture

19. What does this represent?

20. Empirical
Information acquired by means of observation or experimentation

21. The Evaluative Dimension- Not the is but the what ought to be
a. Normative- What is good and bad
b. U.S.- Military service good, welfare cheaters bad

22. Evaluation

23. a. Symbolism and myth, anthems and flags
The Emotive Dimension- The emotional attachment that people have to their political system
a. Symbolism and myth, anthems and flags
b. Provides the strength of values
c. Nationalism- “My country right or wrong”

24. Emotive

26. Components of Culture

27. II. Political Culture

28. The American Value System?

29. China Image: Does Political Culture Make a Difference?

30. Swedish Political Culture

31. Swedish Ombudsman

32. Emperor and Empress of India: Why are British Colonies Different?

34. Pakistan: Muslim League Leaders – Issue of Secularism?

35. Danish Peasant Culture: The Happy Scandinavians?

36. Copenhagen, Denmark and the “Happy Danes”

37. THESIS Political Culture can predict political behavior
Culture limits the action of citizens and administrators, channels demands and excludes certain possible policy options
Changing the Organizational Culture Reforms the Organization

38. The Concept of Political Culture
a. People are tied to a unique web of historical experiences
b. Assumption: From the general culture one can extract out the salient aspects of that culture that relate to political behavior and organizational and administrative traditions

39. III. Organizational Culture as a Sub-Political Culture?

40. Organizational Culture: The Ideal Type

42. Organizations and Administrative Culture: Overview
Socialization and Bureaucratic Behavior
The Concept of political and Administrative Culture
A mixture of elite and mass culture

43. The Concept Continued
Organizational Culture is a sub-set of broader cultural assumptions
In looking for evidence of a political or an administrative culture we are looking for a set of representative values for the people of that society

44. Danish Political Culture: Re. Housing Organizational Sub-Cultures
Groups 1, 2 and 4 constitute the traditional political culture, also found in the labour movement, Groups 3 and 6 constitute a user-oriented political culture based on functional participation in single issues; whereas group 7 contains the very active political elite.

45. IV. Values and Motivation
Money (Theory X) vs. Human Relations (Theory Y)

46. Motivation and Organizations
1. Theory X vs. Theory Y= Theory Z (Douglas McGregor)
2. Maslov’s Hierarchy: Basic needs, social needs and ego needs
3. Application of Theories of Motivation outside the U.S. Case Study (China, Korea, South Africa and Brazil)
4. The Special problem of Fragile and Collapsed states.
5. The Importance of a Motivation Theory in a Country Such as Guinea Conakry

47. The Hierarchy of Needs Redux

48. The Impact of Organizations

49. V. Socialization

50. Socialization
1. Process by which political attitudes are formed and maintained
2. Acquisition of values, beliefs, and knowledge about the political system on both the individual and community level
3. Cultural transmission across generations- the introduction of new generations to the beliefs and values of the old

51. Socialization: Impact on Values and Culture

52. Levels of Socialization
a. Primary- Most important: occurs within the family
b. Secondary- Everything else before adulthood, school, peers, national and regional- it is here that cultural engineering occurs
c. Tertiary- Professional and Organizational- Begins with University. Issue how specialization of bureaucratic elites is related to socialization and education

53. Socialization- Continued
Can be a conscious or an unconscious effort- as to how attitudes towards policy are formed
Issue of Cultural Engineering- Ideological and explicit
Revolutionary & Developmental Societies- Ideological and explicit

54. Cultural Engineering?

55. Socialization- Continued
U.S. and Western Europe- mostly indirect (Instrumental and implicit)
Often hidden within a pragmatic, fairly loose value system

56. Cliff Joseph, 1968 (Note Blindfolds) “Socialization?”

57. The Crux of the Issue Socialization: Mass vs. elite (vs.
Organizational) socialization

58. Europe and Class

59. Class and Governance: The Mandarin as Bureaucrat?
Derk Jan Eppink:

60. Socialization and Public Service Organizational Norms (Redeux)
John Armstrong- The European Administrative Elite
European culture is caste based
Armstrong is a conservative Marxist

61. Armstrong’s Thesis Asynchronous Comparison: Use of similarity not time
Status, Role Theory and Counter-Roles
Socialization and the Diffusion of Development Doctrines
The Prefect as Territorial Administrator and role in Praetorian Intervention

62. An Organizational Culture: Compared with what?
Guinea Conakry
Guinea’s Prefect as a Rent-Seeking Predator

63. Return to the Question
Can we Reform or Reinvent Government given Premises about Socialization and Organizational Development?

64. Organizational Culture
A Public Inquiry: Yes Minister

65. Discussion Questions- Zakaria
Discuss the significance of the concept of Illiberal Democracy?
What does Zakaria mean by the Islamic Exception? Is it?
Has politics failed in the Middle East? Explain
Can the Middle East be Secular? Moderate? Economically focused?

66. Picard and Buss
What is the Petraeus Model of Foreign Aid and Security?
Are defense and foreign aid concerns the same? Should they be?
What does the AFRICOM model tell us about the three “Ds”?