1. Chapter 16. Europe and Russia: Rich in Culture
Section 1-3
February 25th, 2014

2. The Cultures of Western Europe
The capital, cities of Western Europe have distinctive characters.
Paris, France attracts scholars, writers, and artists. London, England is known for its grand historic buildings, theaters, and parks. Madrid, Spain is friendly and relaxing. Berlin, Germany is full of activity. Stockholm, Sweden combines Viking history with modern design.
People travel to these cities to enjoy the cultural attractions, past and present.

3. Growth in Industry
The prosperity, or wealth, of Western Europe is based on industry.
Factories in Western Europe make consumer goods that are in great demand around the world. About 200 years ago most Europeans worked in agiculture. As machinery was developed just as the Industril Revolution began the need for farmworkers decreased, they moved to the cities to fill factory jobs.
The growth of cities is known as urbanization.

4. Immigration and Culture
When immigrants leave their homelands, they bring their languages, religious beliefs, values, and customs.
Immigration has changed the cultures of Western Europe. People from many different backgrounds live and work together. As a result, many Western European countries are multicultural.
Multicultural: means a country´s way of life is influenced by many different cultures.

5. The European Union has strengthened the economy, preserved peace, and allowed for the free exchange of people, ideas, goods, and services across the boundaries of Europe.

6. The Cultures of Eastern Europe
Migration: movement of people from place to place.
There are many reasons for migration in Eastern Europe. Long ago, people moved to find places with a good supply of natural resources. Sometime people moved to escape enemies.

7. Ethnic Groups
Ethnic group: people who share things such as languages, culture, and religion.
The Slavs first lived in the mountains of modern Slovakia and Ukraine. The Slavs are one of the major ethnic groups in Eastern Europe.
Countries such as Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic are almost entirely Slavic.

8. Ethnic Conflicts
In some Eastern European countries, people of different ethnic groups lived together in harmony; but in other places, there have been ethnic conflicts.
Some factors thst contributed to ethnic conflicts were religious differences, language differences, and different ethnic entities.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an alliance among the United States, Canada, and other western nations.

9. The Cultures of Russia
The Russian Orthodox religion, a branch of Christianity, has been a powerful bond among Russians for hundreds of years. It is part of the Russian heritage.
Heritage: the customs and practices that are passed from one generation to the next.
Another part of Russian heritage is ethnic identity.

10. Other Ethnic Groups
The Finns and Turks: live in regions of the Ural and Caucasos mountains.
Armenians and Mongolians live along Russia´s southern edges.
Muslim´s make up Russia´s second-largest religious group, after Russian Orthodox.

11. Russian Culture Past and Present and Education
One of the few strngths of the old Soviet Union was its free public education.
Russia has a long history of great artists and writers. But under the Soviet governement the only form of artistic expression allowed was in the form of propaganda.
Propaganda: spread of ideas designed to support some cause.