1. MESOteam, M. Bougara University, Boumerdès Algeria
Istanbul 2-4 October 2013
Performance Analysis and Economic Evaluation of a Solar Power Tower in Algeria
Kamal Mohammedi
MESOteam, M. Bougara University, Boumerdès Algeria

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. CSP technology review
3. SAM Advisor description
4. Central Receiver Thermal Power Plant technical analysis
5. Results and Discussions
6. Conclusion

3. The MESOteam was involved in FP6 EU projects in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Desalination
RESYSproDESAL project:
RESYSproDESAL=Renewable Energy SYStems for DESALination
OPEN-GAIN project:
OPEN
GAIN

4. Decision Support System
Données du site et de la configuration
Sorties
Classification croissante Selon un seul critère
Cout Net Actuel (NPC)
SEH 3( 41%WEC) [PV+E+GD]
SEH2 (25% WEC)[PV+E+GD]
SEH4 (100%WEC)[ E+GD]
SEH1 (0 % WEC) [(PV+GD)]
Entrées
Caractéristiques des composants, ressources, couts, contraintes …
Sortie
OPEN
GAIN
SEH 2( 25%WEC) [PV+E+GD]
SEH 3 (41% WEC)[PV+E+GD]
SEH4 (100%WEC)[ E+GD]
SEH1 (0 % WEC) [(PV+GD)]
Entrées
Entrées
SEH 2( 25%WEC) [PV+E+GD]
SEH 3 (41% WEC)[PV+E+GD]
SEH4 (100%WEC)[ E+GD]
SEH1 (0 % WEC) [(PV+GD)]
Sortie
Entrées
SEH 2( 25%WEC) [PV+E+GD]
SEH 3 (41% WEC)[PV+E+GD]
SEH4 (100%WEC)[ E+GD]
SEH1 (0 % WEC) [(PV+GD)]
Sortie
Entrées

5. SPECIMENS Project Sustainability for Profitability and Efficiency Initiative in Cement Industry. Contribution to CO2 emissions reduction.
Funded by DGRSDT, Algerian research agency
Integration of renewable Energy in Cement Industry
Specimens Project

6. 1.6 billion people not connected to National electricity grids,
Peak load shaving, CO2 mitigation, overconsumption of electricity in developed countries ……..
1.6 billion people not connected to National electricity grids,
most of them living in remote sunny arid areas (Pb of water)in Third World Countries.
Algeria:
Hybrid Solar/Gas Power plant to foster the position
as a main supplier of energy to EU.

7. Parabolic Trough Collectors Linear Fresnel
Central receiver or Solar tower
Dish Stirling
Circular configuration
North side configuration

8. 1880: first known application of a parabolic trough to power a hot air
History
1880: first known application of a parabolic trough to power a hot air
engine by the Swedish John Ericsson
1907: first patent on parabolic trough technology for steam generation
granted to the Germans Meier and Remshardt
1913: water pumping plant in Meadi/Egypt. Parabolic trough collectors
generated steam for steam motors.
collector length: m
engine power: 45 kW
aperture width: 4 m
pumping capacity: l/min
total aperture area: m2 8

9. History 1979: first grid-connected parabolic trough
power plant, Coolidge/Arizona, 150kWe :
construction of the first large (13.8 MW –
80 MW) power plants, California (“Solar Electric Generating Systems” (SEGS), total power: 354 MW)
still in operation
source: Price et al. 2002 9

10. 2007: start of a large amount of new projects worldwide beginning with
Nevada Solar One, Nevada, 64 MW
2008: first commercial power plant of Europe Andasol 1, Granada/Spain, 50MW
Andasol 1 and 2
2011: several additional GW are planned or under construction
(principally in the Southwest of the USA and in Spain) 10

12. Solar tower power plant (or called Central Receiver System)
8 Solar Tower Technology
Solar tower power plant (or called Central Receiver System)
Consists of / characteristics:
a heliostat field: large number of sun-tracking mirrors, called heliostats
a tower with a receiver at the top
solar tower power plants have a Rankine steam cycle for electricity generation
very high irradiation concentration on receiver
Focusing is
“point focus” or
“point concentration”
Solar Tower Jülich

13. Project
Country
Power
Output
(MWe)
Heat Transfer Fluid
Operation
SSPS
Spain
0.5
Liquid Sodium
1981
EURELIOS
Italy 1
Steam
SUNSHINE
Japan
Solar One
USA 10
1982
CESA-1
1983
MSEE/Cat B
Molten Nitrate
1984
THEMIS
France
2.5
Hi-Tec Salt
SPP-5
Russia 5
1986
TSA
Air
1993
Solar Two
Molten Nitrate Salt
1996

14. line concentrating system point concentrating system Technology
Concentration Method
line concentrating system
point concentrating system
Technology
Parabolic Trough
Linear Fresnel
Central Receiver
Parabolic Dish
State of the Art
commercial
pre-commercial
demonstrated and first commercialisation
demonstrated
Cost of Solar Field (€/m²)
200 – 250
150 – 200
250 – 300
> 350
Typical Unit Size (MW)
5 – 200
1 – 200
10 – 100
0.010
Construction Requirements
demanding
simple
moderate
Operating Temperature
390 – 550
270 – 550
550 – 1000
800 – 900
Heat Transfer Fluid
synthetic oil, water/steam
air, molten salt, water/steam
air
Thermodynamic Power Cycle
Rankine
Brayton, Rankine
Stirling, Brayton
Power Unit
steam turbine
gas turbine, steam turbine
Stirling engine
Experience
high
low
Reliability
unknown
Thermal Storage Media
molten salt, concrete, PCM
molten salt, ceramics, PCM
Combination with Desalination
Simple
Integration to the Environment
difficult
Moderate
Operation requirements
Land Requirement

15. Capacities and share in the CSP market15

16. CSP projects in Algeria
+ Alsol1: solar tower project with CDER and DLR

17. Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Thermal Power Plants in Algeria
Solar Tower vs PTC ?

18. SAM Advisor Description

20. 3.2 Concentrating Solar Power

21. PV, Wind,…. systems

22. Alsol1 Central Receiver Thermal Power Plant prefeasibility study
4.1 DNI evaluation
4.2 Heliostat field configuration
4.3 Cavity receiver geometry design parameters
4.4 Thermal energy storage techniques
Algiers
4.5 Heat transfer fluid system (HTF)
Bechar
4.6 Simulation Data
Tamanrasset

23. Alsoli1 project: (CDER in cooperation with DLR and JSI)
Electricity production: 7.1 MW
Heat Storage Capacity: 20 MWh
Mirror Surface: m2
Type : Hybrid solar/Gas
Modified Alsoli1 project:
Electricity production: 1.5 MW
Heat Storage Capacity: 10 MWh
Mirror Surface: m2
Type : Hybrid solar/Gas

24. DNI Evaluation

25. Heliostat field configuration
The distance between heliostat in radial ΔR and azimuth ΔAZ direction for northern configuration is given :

26. Heliostat field configuration
In our model, we have used SAM Advisor application to tradeoff between cost and optimal layout of the heliostat field by adopting DELSOL .

27. Cavity receiver geometry

28. Heat transfer fluid (HTF)
Thermal storage system
Molten salt storage

29. input data

30. SAM Advisor Simulation Results
Capacity Factor vs. Solar multiplier for each Thermal Energy Storage value

31. LEC $/kWhe vs Solar multiplier for each Thermal Energy Storage value

32. Solar electricity generation kWhe/m² vs
Solar electricity generation kWhe/m² vs. Solar multiplier for each Thermal Energy Storage value

33. LEC and CF vs. thermal Energy Storage (hours) value for optimal value of SM = 1,5.

34. Solar electricity generation vs
Solar electricity generation vs. thermal Energy Storage (hours) value for optimal value of SM = 1,5.

35. Levelized Cost Of Energy LCOE (c$/kWhe) vs location for optimal values (SM,TES).

36. Graph 07 : Net Present Value in ($) with respect to location for optimal values (SM,TES).

37. Capacity Factor in (%) vs location for optimal values (SM,TES).

38. Conclusion
A prefeasibilty study of Alsol project was carried under NREL SAM Advisor …….optimize the Solar Multiple (SM) to get a trade-off between the incremental investment cost related to the heliostat field size and the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) required, yielding a minimum Levelized Electricity Cost (LEC) in $/kWhe and allow higher Capacity Factors (CF) for dispatchability of the generated electricity within critical hours in the day.
The optimal configuration:
SM = 1.50, TES = 8.00 hours, LEC = 0.65 $/kWhe,
SEG = kWh/m² and Net cost/capacity = 7900 $.
for DNI = kWh/m² which
correspond to Tamanrasset site in south Algeria.

39. Thanks for Attention
Kamal Mohammedi,
MESOteam
Frantz Fanon st.
M. Bougara University, Boumerdès Algeria
Tel
Fax
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