1. Chapter 2 Study Guide Key 7th Grade World History
Reminder – these are basic answers – some (as noted) may require more explanation.

2. Vocabulary
1. Domestication: the process of changing a plant or animal to make useful to humans
2. Land bridge: a strip of land connecting 2 continents
3. Surplus: more than is needed of a specific item
4. Hominid: an early ancestor of humans
5. Prehistory: this is history before the invention of writing
6. Tool: a handheld object that makes it easier to accomplish a task

3. Vocabulary
7. Hunter/Gatherer: people who hunt animals and gather wild plants to survive
8. Migrate: to move
9. Neolithic Revolution: the change from food gathering to food producing
10. Society: a community of people who share a common culture
11. Biped: ability to walk on 2 feet
12. Lucy: Australopithecus – found by Donald Johansen – proves ability to walk on 2 feet

4. 13. Once people starting farming, what were they able to do?
They had a surplus of food. People could focus on activities other than finding food – starting a culture. As people were able to control their own food production, population grew. People also began to gather to preform religious ceremonies. They were now able to focus on culture.

5. 14. What was the last human species to live on Earth with Homo Sapiens?
Neanderthals

6. 15. Why would Neanderthals have eaten a lot of meat and proteins
15. Why would Neanderthals have eaten a lot of meat and proteins? Explain.
They were hunters and gatherers, so a majority of their diet was meat (supplemented by plants/nuts/berries.) By studying their bones, we have found that 85% of their diet was meat.

7. 16. What was the first tool invented. Who invented it
16. What was the first tool invented? Who invented it? What was it used for?
The Chopper
Homo habilis
Process (cut, chop) food

8. 17. In what ways did Neanderthals adapt to the Ice Age?
They learned to use fire to keep warm. They had to adapt to the changing climate of the world. Their bodies were also “built” for the climate – short and stocky to retain heat.

9. 18. Neolithic Revolution?
Southwest Asia

10. 19. How did Homo Sapiens make their way to South America
19. How did Homo Sapiens make their way to South America? Where did they start, how did they get there, and why were they migrating?
Homo Sapiens started in (East) Africa. They migrated through Africa and then out of Africa into SW. Asia, then Europe. Some went from SW Asia to Australia. Others went from SW Asia through Asia and eventually into North America across a land bridge. During this time, the earth was in the Ice Ages. This caused the sea levels to drop and more land to be exposed. People were able to cross a land bridge from Asia to North America. They then continued to South America. They were most likely migrating to follow heard of animals to hunt.

11. 20. Give 2 facts about each.
Australopithecius: name means “southern ape”, brain 1/3 size of humans
Homo Habilis: name means “handy man”, Used stone tools for chopping & scraping
Homo Erectus: name means “upright man”, learned to control fire

12. Old Stone Age: Paleolithic Era Middle Stone Age: Mesolithic Era
21. Scientists divide the Stone Age into 3 periods based upon the complexity of tools What are the other names for each stage?
Old Stone Age: Paleolithic Era
Middle Stone Age: Mesolithic Era
New Stone Age: Neolithic Era

13. 22. Compare Neanderthal & Homo Sapiens
See the chart in your packet
Don’t forget to explain
Short and stocky to retain heat during Ice Ages = full credit