1. Mid-Term Review
Day 1

2. Topic 1: Nature of Science
Science vs. Pseudoscience – science is supported with lots of evidence. Pseudo = fake science
Parts of experimental design
Independent variable = factor that is being tested (manipulated)
Dependent variable = factor that is the result of test (measured)
Constants = factors that stay the same in the design
Control group = test group with no independent variable, compare results to this

3. 3. Steps of scientific method
4. Two types of data

4. Topic 2: Basics of chemistry
Describe parts of an atom = protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, electrons are negative
Define polar and non-polar molecules = polar have two differently charged sides, non-polar have one overall charge. (these two things don’t mix)
Types of bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) = Ionic – electrons are gained or lost. Covalent – electrons are shared. Hydrogen – attraction among different charged sides of molecules

5. Topic 3: Properties of Water (caused by _____ )
8. Cohesion = water sticks to water
9. Adhesion = water sticks to other substances
10. High specific heat = takes a lot of energy for water temp to change
11. Expands when frozen = hydrogen bonds space out during the freezing process (helps water act as an insulator)

6. Topic 4: Macromolecules (carbon based molecules)
12. Monomer vs. polymer = mono- one molecules, poly – many molecules. Monomers make up polymers
13. Carbohydrates = main energy molecule. Simple version = sugar, complex versions = starches. Made of monosaccharides
14. Proteins = mostly structures in body/cells. Made of amino acids
15. Lipids = mostly energy storage and structure. Made of no true monomer
16. Nucleic acids = used for DNA and RNA. Made up of nucleotides

7. Topic 5: Chemical Reactions
17. Reactants = things that form/break apart
18. Products = the results of the reaction

8. Topic 6: Enzymes
19. Catalysts and enzymes = both work to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
20. Lock and key model = When substrates have to fit on the enzyme in particular ways to work correctly. Shape = function
21. Activation energy = amount of energy required for reaction to take place
22. What affects enzyme activity? The amount pH, temperate, concentration of the enzyme

9. End of Day 1