1. Ancient Rome

2. Geography/Origins Origin Geography Legend-Romulus and Remus
EtruscansLatins
Geography
Rich soil, mild climate
Mountains
Mediterranean

3. Roman Republic Established after Etruscans were overthrown.
Two Social Classes-Patricians; Plebeians
Plebeians-fewer rights
until they rebelled
Tribal Assembly (elects Tribunes; makes laws)
Tribunes-had veto power
Twelve Tables

4. Roman Republic Unwritten constitution with a three part government
Senate-300; advisors; public affairs
and finances; foreign affairs
Assemblies-voted on laws and
selected consuls

5. Roman Republic Consuls-commander and chief Censors-kept census data
Praetors-judges
Forum-place for government affairs

6. Forum

7. Roman Republic Rome had a system of checks and balances
Consuls in charge
of the Senate Senate could
refuse to give them money
Assemblies/Tribunes could
reject laws created by Senate
Tribunes had veto power over officials

8. Roman Expansion Increase in population Required military service
Legions; centurions
People Romans conquered
had to supply troops
Rome eventually controls all
of Italy and Sicily

9. The Punic Wars First Punic War (264 B. C.) Carthage v. Rome
Carthage-powerful navy
Rome builds their own navy and wins

10. Punic Wars Second Punic War (218 B. C.)
Hannibal-war elephants; strong military leadership
Publius Cornelius Scipio-invaded Carthage
Increased power of Rome
Rome controlled Mediterranean

11. Punic Wars Third Punic War (149 B. C.) Destroyed Carthage
Carthaginians enslaved
All people banned from Carthage

12. Decline of the Republic
Roman Republic declines
Social unrest-Gracchus Brothers
Senate resorted to violence against
those who supported reform
Gaius Marius-military leader; consul;
military open to anyone; paid, professional
army
Civil War-Gaius Marius v. Lucius
Cornelius Sulla
Sulla becomes dictator; reforms Senate;
tried to preserve Republic

13. The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus
After death of Crassus, Julius Caesar and Pompey fight civil war
Caesar defeats Pompey and is declared dictator by Senate

14. Rule of Julius Caesar Citizenship to those in provinces
Land to veterans
Senate viewed him as threat
to Republic
Assassinated

15. Second Triumvirate Octavian, Antony, Lepidus
Antony v. Octavian in civil war
Octavian defeats Antony
Marks the beginning of the Roman Empire

16. The Rule of Augustus Avoided title of king or emperor “first citizen”
Augustus-”Revered One”
Expanded empire east, civil
service, building projects, culture
(literature and histories).

17. Julian Emperors (Julian-Claudian) 14 A. D. – 68 A. D.)
Tiberius, Caligula,
Claudius, Nero
Tiberius-strong leader;
strong military
Caligula-unstable; corrupt; killed
to demonstrate power
Claudius-expanded the empire further
east and north
Nero-burning of Rome; artistic talent; suicide

18. Good Emperors 96 A. D. Ruled during Pax Romana Growth of empire
Expansion-further east into Asia
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian,
Antonius Pius, and Marcus
Aurelius

19. Good Emperors Nerva-short rule; chose a successor; balanced budget
Trajan-Nerva’s adopted son;
expanded empire to Eastern
Europe and Western Asia
Hadrian-believed empire was
too large; Hadrian’s Wall

20. Good Emperors Antonius Pius-free food during
famine; conservative/practical
with funds; revised laws regarding
family issues.
Marcus Aurelius-chose advisors
based on skill; mobile social class
system; increase in religious freedom