1. An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Representation of Structure
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2. Counting to Ten in Organic
01 = meth Mother
02 = eth Enjoys
03 = prop Peanut
04 = but BUTter
05 = pent PENTagon
06 = hex HEXagon or HEX nut
07 = hept HEPTember (Roman sept is Greek hept)
08 = oct OCTober
09 = non NONember (Roman nov is Greek non)
10 = dec DECember
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3. Alkanes Structures with only single bonds between the carbons Ethane
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4. Alkanes
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5. Properties of alkanes Light and flammable: watch the demo!
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6. Alkenes Structures with at least one double bonded carbon pair:
Pentene Ethene
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7. Alkynes Structrures with at least one triple bonded carbon pair Ethyne
Hexyne
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8. Saturated vs Unsaturated
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9. Polyunsaturated
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10. Cis and Trans Polyunsaturated
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11. IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes
Determine longest continuous chain (i.e. parent hydrocarbon)
Cite the name of substituent before the name of the parent hydrocarbon along with the number of the carbon to which it is attached
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12. IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes
Number in the direction that gives the lower number for the lowest-numbered substituent. Substituents are listed in alphabetical order – neglecting prefixes such as di- tri- tert- etc.
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13. IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes
When both directions yield the same lower number for the lowest numbered substituent, select the direction that yields the lower number for the next lowest numbered substituent
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14. IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes
If same substituent numbers are obtained in either direction, number in direction giving lowest number to the first named substituent
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15. IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes
If compound has two or more chains of the same length, parent hydrocarbon is chain with greatest number of substituents
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16. Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes generally are shown as skeletal structures
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17. Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes
Ring is the parent hydrocarbon unless the alkyl substituent has more carbons; in that case the substituent becomes the parent hydrocarbon
If only one substituent, no need to give it a number
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18. Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes
If the ring has 2 substituents, list in alphabetical order and give number 1 to first named group
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19. Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes
If there is more than one substituent, list in alphabetical order; one substituent is given the position number 1; number either clockwise or counterclockwise - lowest numbers
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20. Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides
IUPAC name - The halogen is treated as a substituent
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21. Nomenclature of Ethers
IUPAC name - The smaller alkyl group is converted to an “alkoxy” name and used as a substituent
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22. Nomenclature of Alcohols
IUPAC name - The OH group is a site of reactivity (a functional group)
Functional group is denoted by the suffix, “ol”
methanol ethanol
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23. Nomenclature of Amines
IUPAC name - The NH2 group is a site of reactivity (a functional group)
Functional group is denoted by the suffix, “amine”
Final “e” of longest alkane group replaced by suffix “amine” (don’t run vowels together)
1-butanamine
butan-1-amine
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24. IUPAC Nomenclature of Amines
Find the longest chain bonded to the nitrogen
Final “e” is replaced with “amine”
Number the carbon to which nitrogen is bonded
Number any substituents on the alkyl chain
Use italicized N- for each additional substituent(s) on the nitrogen
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25. It’s a Family Thing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkY
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