1. GOOS: The role of OceanGliders in the framework.
GOOS Secretariat
A. Fischer, K. Hill, M. Telszewski, A. Palacz, W. Appeltans, P. Miloslavich
Distributed project office (IOC/UNESCO, WMO, IOPAN, U. Tas)
OceanGliders ST
GOOS is sponsored by three UN organizations, IOC of UNESCO, WMO, UNEP; and ICSU, the International Council for Science.
The secretariat is headquartered at the IOC/UNESCO in Paris france, but now builds on a distributed project office of contributions in Oostende Belgium, Geneva Switzerland, Sopot Poland, and Hobart Australia, along with the JCOMMOPS technical coordination office in Brest France.

2. Explain the relationship between the sponsors and the three operational programmes to which OOPC is linked (WCRP is there as well)

3. Ocean observations for societal benefit Climate, services, ocean health
GOOS is now focused on delivery for three major areas: climate, operational ocean services, and the broad area of sustaining ocean health and ecosystem services (a new area for GOOS).

4. Input (Requirements) Output (Data & Products) Process (Observations)
GOOS Framework for Ocean Observing A simple system
Input
(Requirements)
Output
(Data &
Products)
Process
(Observations)
Much of GOOS is now oriented around the Framework for Ocean Observing, which emerged from the OceanObs’09 conference.
We wanted to take a complex system: the ocean observing system built up of research and some operational effort, in situ and satellite observing networks measuring different variables, new technological developments, data streams, and products — and apply systems thinking.
This starts with a simple model of the system, which has an input in the form of requirements, a process in the form of observing networks, and an output in data and products that then feeds a scientific or societal benefit, the source of the requirements.

5. Structure of the Framework
Issues (Scientific and societal drivers)
Requirement
What to Measure
Essential Ocean Variables …
Satellite
Constellation
Argo
SOOP …
This model of the framework is derived from where we are now. We have a large part of our observing system (in purple, made up of different observing units/networks) that is built and driven by our climate observing requirements (in orange). These requirements are currently expressed in GCOS plans as requirements on different Essential Climate Variables which we’ve generalized in the framework as Essential Ocean Variables. The GCOS implementation plan is written as a report to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change which has adopted it, and through this process we have buy-in from Parties (nations) from across the world for this observing system. The requirements are looked after by the OOPC which is also a part of the GOOS structure. Different observing units or networks measure different Essential Ocean Variables and contribute to different data streams and products (in green). Argo is an important one here. These products then help inform climate research and societal decisions about climate – and these drivers are what help originally set and refine requirements (arrows) in an important feedback loop to keep the observing system ‘fit for purpose’. The current model helped feed our vision for moving forward from 2010.
There are two arrows in the feedback loop: the outer loop at the highest level with feedback from decision-makers about how information from the ocean has impacted their decision, which can then modify the questions asked of the observing system; and an inner loop that allows ocean observers to look at the fitness for purpose of data products and make assessments there
Data Assembly
VOS
Issues Impact
Data/Info. Products …
Satellite
OceanSITES
IMOS …
IOOS … … …
Observations Deployment and Maintenance … …

6. We cannot measure everything, nor do we need to
Driven by requirements, negotiated with feasibility Essential Ocean Variables
We cannot measure everything, nor do we need to
basis for including new elements of the system, for expressing requirements at a high level
Driven by requirements, negotiated with feasibility
Allows for innovation in the observing system over time
A key idea in the Framework is the definition of Essential Ocean Variables, which some overlap with other types of essential variables that have been defined, such as Essential Climate Variables defined by GOOS and GCOS, Essential Variables defined by WMO for weather forecasting, and Essential Biodiversity Variables that are being defined by GEOBON (although largely focused on terrestrial variables).
The idea is that for the key societal and scientific drivers of sustained ocean observations, we cannot measure everything, nor do we need to. Essential Ocean Variables should respond to these high-level drivers, related to climate, to understanding and managing ecosystem services, to conserving biodiversity, to managing living marine resources, to safety and protection of life and property at sea and on the coasts.
Aligning the coordination processes of the observing system on variables, rather than by platforms or observing techniques, stays truer to the natural system which we are trying to observe, while allowing for innovation of observing techniques over time as technology and capability develop.
The definition of an EOV must be driven by these requirements, but be rooted in reality, its measurement must be feasible. We may not be ready to measure all EOVs, but this assessing and encouraging the development of readiness is also a part of the Framework.

7. Mature Pilot Concept Increasing Readiness Levels
Towards sustained system: requirements, observations, data management Readiness
Mature
Attributes:
Products of the global
ocean observing system are
well understood, documented,
consistently available, and
of societal benefit.
Pilot
Attributes:
Planning, negotiating, testing, and approval within appropriate local, regional, global arenas.
Increasing Readiness Levels
Concept
The readiness levels are in fact an idea that has been with us on the physical side for a couple of decades, the precursor of OOPC (OODSP) spent a lot of time examining the feasibility and impact of different observing systems, to see if they were ready for global sustained observations. We believe that many biogeochemical and biological variables also need global sustained observations, but perhaps the technologies and techniques are not yet ready for instant application globally. We need to increase the readiness of these observing networks so they drive towards being capable of global sustained observations delivering an important data product that has impact on science or society.
If there is an ambition to run a regional pilot to build a future global system – this type of pull helps engage the research community, and they want to be engaged.
For Argo, new sensors should be and are being trialed in pilot projects, to improve their readiness for deployment on more of the array.
Attributes:
Peer review of ideas and
studies at science, engineering, and data management
community level.

8. OOPC: Ocean Observations for Physics and Climate
IOCCP: International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project
JCOMM: Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology
GOOS Regional Alliances
Projects

9. EOVs and readiness level CONCEPT PILOT MATURE
EOVs and readiness level CONCEPT PILOT MATURE *also ECV [sometimes aggregated]
Physics
SST*
Subsurface temperature*
SSS*
Subsurface salinity*
Surface currents*
Subsurface currents*
Sea State*
Ocean surface stress*
Sea Ice*
Sea level*
Heat flux*
Biogeochemistry
Oxygen*
Inorganic macro nutrients*
Carbonate system*
Transient tracers*
Suspended particulates
Nitrous oxide*
Carbon isotope (13C)
Dissolved organic carbon
Ocean colour*
Biology and Ecosystems
Phytoplankton* biomass and productivity
Zooplankton* diversity
Fish abundance and distribution
Marine turtles, birds, mammals abundance and distribution
Live coral cover*
Seagrass cover*
Mangrove cover*
Macroalgal canopy cover*
Specification sheets at: goosocean.org/eov
May 2016

10. OOPC Focus
Assess, review and prioritize requirements for EOVs and ECVs
Work with JCOMM OCG and regional bodies to coordinate observing networks
Review the status of and requirements for data and information management
Develop a process for ongoing evaluation of the observing system
Liaison and advocacy for agreed plans
Report to sponsors
OOPC work plan ( ).

11. The JCOMM Observations Coordination Group is the

12. JCOMM OCG Focus
Focus on technical coordination across the networks to improve observing system delivery, capitalising on synergies in areas of
Responding to requirements
Implementation (deployment/servicing logistics, ship resources, new technologies)
Metrics (implementation, delivery, performance, risk).
Standards and Best Practices
Data Management and integration.
JCOMM OCG work plan ( )

13. GRAs want to be part of growing GOOS - more realistic for sub-groups of GRAs to work together on pilot projects

14. GRAs are embracing new networks (results from a 2013 self-Assessment of all GRAs)
Ocean Gliders X 7
Argo Floats
Ships of Oppor- tunity
Buoys
Ocean Gliders
Water Level Network
Drifters
Ocean Radar HF Radar
Animal Tagging & Monitoring
Water Quality Gauges
Satellite Remote Sensing
Ocean Acidification Sensors
Black Sea GOOS X
EuroGOOS
GOOS Africa
IMOS -
IOCARIBE
IOGOOS
MONGOOS
OCEATLAN
PIGOOS
SEAGOOS
US IOOS
10/11 9 10 7 5 4 11 6

15. Bringing new networks into GOOS
Where would you consider Gliders to be? Pilot or Concept?

16. OceanGliders: Status Currently ‘pilot’ (or concept?) activity
See framework readiness (requirements, observations, data systems).
Formation recognised by OOPC and OCG.
Approved as new member of OCG by JCOMM
Need to raise as component of GOOS at next GOOS SC ( or can discuss by intersessionally?).
Network Specification developed
Secretariat aligning with EOVs Specs, phenomena.
Defining missions (Boundary Currents, Storms/extreme events, Mixing and Convection)

17. OceanGliders: Next steps
Network Design/Specification.
Define Targets for missions (i.e. optimum strategy for measuring a W/EBC? How to determine frequency of occupation, number of gliders, etc? Role of Gliders in multiplatform mix?)
Engagement priorities:
Engage in evaluations and development projects
Boundary Currents, OMZ, Phytoplankton projects,
TPOS 2020, AtlantOS/Blueprint, IndOOS review
Ensure engagement with GRAs using gliders
EuroGOOS, IMOS, IOGOOS, MONGOOS, PIGOOS, SEAGOOS, US IOOS
Data Management
Fit for purpose Internationally agreed DM Practice to be developed, drawing on other networks (Argo, OceanSITES,

18. GOOS to dos Identify GOOS Networks on website
Including Mature, Pilot, Concept status
Articulate benefits/obligations as part of GOOS
Clarify path(s) to becoming part of GOOS

19. GOOS Benefits and Obligations
GOOS networks benefit from becoming an integral part of the international GOOS program, engaging in all of its technical, coordination, and best-practice activities. 
Becoming a recognised observing element of GOOS/JCOMM with internationally agreed goals helps justify funding support nationally.
For GOOS/JCOMM these networks will help bridge the gap in observations between the coast and the open ocean networks.  
Principles of engagement:
identifiable and cohesive set of (sustained) regional/global/technical activities that address one or more GOOS observing requirements.
abide by a set of principles and policies (e.g. provision of data and metadata, adopting and utilizing standards, sharing experiences and best practices, routine updates on the state of the network),
coordinate their activities with other GOOS networks, supporting common infrastructure, and engaging in GOOS activities for the advancement of the global ocean observing enterprise.

20. Pathway to becoming part of GOOS/JCOMM (under development!)
Who decides when a new network becomes part of GOOS? 
JCOMM OCG? The GRAs? The GOOS Expert Panels?
All of the above? If so, how does this work?
What is the role of the GOOS SC? 
One of GOOS Expert panels, GOOS Expert Panel, JCOMM OCG or GOOS Regional Forum are point of entry.  
Works with the network to fill out a Network Specification sheet,
Panel nominates the network to the chairs of the other 2 groups.
Other panels provide feedback, forge links to relevant activities (i.e. OOPC observing system evaluations), etc. Once 3
Addition is proposed by lead panel to be 'rubber stamped' by GOOS SC/JCOMM MAN.

21. OceanObs’19 16-20 Sept 2019, Honolulu , oceanobs19.net
Envisioning ~1200 participants
Focus on connecting observers with end user community
What does OceanGliders want to showcase in 2019?
Contact:

22. Thank you