1. Bell Ringer
“The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man.”
Thomas Malthus
What does Malthus mean by this?
Do you think that this would justify taking over new land? Why or why not?

2. The Jeffersonian Era

3. Jeffersonian View
Jefferson and the Democrats sought an America that emphasized localism and republican simplicity
Sharply limited federal power
Expanding industrialism made that impossible

4. Jefferson’s past experiences
Jefferson feared the industrialization
industrialization = social injustice he had witnessed in Europe.
Jefferson dreamed of an agrarian republic, based on family farms

5. Federal Government
When Jefferson took office, he promised to cut all taxes, reduce the military and government staff, and eliminate the national debt
He kept all of his promises

6. The Courts during Jefferson
In the last minutes of his administration, Adams appointed several Federalists to federal judgeships
The Democratic-Republican congress repealed the Judiciary Act, denying the appointees their jobs
William Marbury sued James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State, to get his appointment back

7. The Courts during Jefferson
In Marbury v Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Supreme Court had final authority over interpretation of the law (pleasing the Federalists), while also ruling that the Court could not force the executive branch to appoint Marbury to a post that technically no longer existed (pleasing the Democratic- Republicans)
This case solidified the power of judicial review
Also helped delineate the three branches and their role in the government
Under Marshall’s tenure as Chief Justice, the Supreme Court became a powerful unifying and nationalizing force

8. Louisiana Purchase
In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte got Louisiana from Spain
Jefferson feared this would interrupt commerce
Napoleon, in need of cash, offered the entire Louisiana territory to the US for $15 million (828K square miles, or 529.9M acres, ~2¢ per acre)
Jefferson came under fire because of his history as a strict constructionist
The Constitution did not provide the President the authority to purchase land

10. Napoleonic Wars
Jefferson’s initial promise of keeping neutral became more difficult during the Napoleonic Wars
Britain was upset that the US “evaded” the naval blockade of France by claiming neutrality
Britain began seizing American ships
impressment

11. Napoleonic Wars
Committed to staying neutral and maintaining shipping rights, Jefferson tried to negotiate with the British
Those negotiations failed
In 1806 Congress passed the Non-Importation Act, boycotting British goods
Jefferson, in desperation, imposed the Embargo Act in 1807
This act forbid imports or exports going into/out of any foreign ports
Federalists, said our navy was to weak because of Jefferson and began speaking out against the embargo

13. Bye, Bye Jefferson
Jefferson will leave office accepting a defeat in his policy of “peaceable coercion”
Madison (Dem.) will win the election despite a backlash against his party for the Embargo Act
Americans viewed the act as “attempting to cure corns by cutting of the toes”
Life went on Europe
In 1809, Congress rescinded the Embargo Act
Other acts were passed to stop hostilities towards American ships, to no avail

14. War of 1812
Britain’s involvement with Tecumseh’s attacks was the second of two grievances that Madison cited when asking Congress to declare war on Britain
The first was?
On June 18, 1812 Congress declared war on Britain
War Hawks, such as Henry Clay (KY) and John C. Calhoun (SC), will seek to end British involvement in America
They believed in expanding and controlling others
They wanted to invade (control) FL to keep slaves from hiding
They wanted to control Canada to keep the British off their borders

15. War of 1812 Americans were divided on going to war (Federalists=no)
Other problems included Jefferson’s “economizing” the military
In the most humiliating battle of the war, Britain burned Washington forcing the President and Congress to flee
Dolly Madison
In the naval battle, Britain quickly blockaded the coast line
US forces withheld them from advancing on Baltimore and Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner, 100 years later becomes national anthem

16. War of 1812 The Treaty of Ghent was signed 12/24/1814
No talk of impressment or neutrality rights
Britain did agree to withdraw troops from the west
Basically the second revolution, Britain finally let us go