1. Volume 106, Issue 4, Pages 1109-1115 (October 1994)
Efficacy of a New Full Face Mask for Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation 
Gerard J. Criner, M.D., F.C.C.P., John M. Travaline, M.D., Kathleen J. Brennan, M.D., Diane T. Kreimer, R.N., R.R.T. 
CHEST 
Volume 106, Issue 4, Pages (October 1994)
DOI: /chest
Copyright © 1994 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Close up of frontal (panel A) and side (panel B) views of the Total face mask.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1994 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Arterial blood gases in eupnea and NPPV with all three masks in all patients. Levels of ventilation were identical with all three different face masks in NPPV in each patient. Compared with eupnea, PaO2/FIo2 (top panel) remained unchanged, but values for pH (p<0.001) (bottom panel) were greater and PaCO2 (p<0.01) (center panel) were less in NPPV with all three masks. PaCO2 tended to be least (p<0.01), however, and pH greatest (p<0.04) in NPPV with the total face mask (TFM) compared with the nasal (N) or nasal-oral (NO) masks.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1994 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Comparison of mask leaks, level of dyspnea, and patient discomfort with the face mask during NPPV with all three masks. As a group, the magnitude of mask leaks (p<0.003) and the level of discomfort with the face mask (p<0.02) were lowest in patients receiving NPPV via the TFM. The level of dyspnea, however, was significantly reduced when using either the nasal mask (p<0.05) or TFM (p<0.02).
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1994 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Representative tracing in one patient showing mask pressure (Pm), tidal volume (Vt), and airflow (V). In panel A (top), arrows show the inability to maintain preset ventilatory support system (BiPAP) mask pressures and a reduction in expired tidal volume in NPPV via the nasal mask. Panel B (bottom) shows the maintenance of the preset ventilatory support system (BiPAP) mask pressures and consistently increased expired tidal volume.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1994 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions