1. Counter-Terrorism Methods (negotiations) before 1977.
JRA negotiated with the Japanese Government
January 1974 Luju Incident – hostages exchanged for ransom and gunmen safe passage to Yemen
September 13th, 1974 Storming of French embassy in The Hague , Netherlands. - Hostages freed in exchange for release of Yatsuka Furuya , $300,000 and use of aircraft
August 1975 –Hostage situation in Malaysia , hostages freed for release of 5 members and safe passage to Libya
September 1977, JRA hijacking of JAL flight Hostages freed for release of six JRA members and $6 million in ransom

2. After
The National Police Agency of Japan ( NPA ) created the Special Assault Team . (Tokushu Kyushu Butai)
Sole purpose was to gather information on JRA
The Japanese government took a “no concessions” stance towards the JRA after the resignation of prime minister Takeo Fukada
“Human lives are heavier than the globe “

3. Japans Counter Terrorism Policy or lack of ..
Japan had no counter terrorism policy to help combat the Japanese red army
The Special Assault team was created to combat the JRA but was heavily limited
The Japanese Special Defense had no special forces capabilities , therefore they were not able to take the offensive against terrorist groups .
Therefore because of lack of policy , Japans fight against the JRA was a losing battle ! BUT .. In the end the Japanese government makes arrest on some of the leaders of the JRA

4. Arrests
Fusako Shigenobu – Arrested in in Osaka, Japan . Trial was in sentenced to 20 years on charges of kidnapping , confinement and attempted murder.
Yu Kikumura – Arrested on April 12th at a rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike . Convicted on Nov 29th original sentence was 30 years , reduced sentence in 1991 ( 21 yrs. & 10mths) original charge was interstate transportation of explosive devices & passport violations
Haruo Wako - extradited to Japan after Jordanian officials refused to harbor him in In 2005 he was sentenced to a life in prison
(involved in the French embassy storming in The Hague)

5. Aftermath
The JRA was disbanded in 2001 after leader Shigenobu was arrested
Fusako made a statement disbanding the organization , she then said that she would consider a more political means of trying to change the Japanese government
Japan begins to learn from these past mistakes to create legislation to fight terrorism
With the help of other superpowers ( US , UK )