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ME769 Project Presentation

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Presentation on theme: "ME769 Project Presentation"— Presentation transcript:

1 ME769 Project Presentation
Investigating the Effect of Alcohol Content on HCCI combustion Mike Groendyk, Greg Lau, and Jake Riederer University of Wisconsin – Madison Acknowledgments ERC (Kinetics Mechanism)

2 Outline Motivation and Background Simulation Parameters Results
Study 1: Kinetics of Ethanol Blending Study 2: Practical applications of Ethanol Study 3: Practical study of Water/Methanol Injection Conclusions Recommendations for Future Work A Truly Brutal Q&A session Beers (yes, at 9 in the morning, happy craft beer week everybody)

3 Motivation + CO2 CH3OH C2H5OH
Alcohols have drastically different fuel properties than fossil fuels Growing use as alternative fuel and as fuel additive Home grown, renewable Empirical support for engine cylinder cooling effects Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) sensitive to alcohol content Extend load window Vaporization effects + CO2 CH3OH Single component fuel C2H5OH

4 Simulation Setup 3 Studies were undertaken
Φ .5 - T_ivc 400 K P_ivc 1 atm Test Fuel C2H5OH HT Model Adiabatic Simulation 2 Woschni (corr.) Simulation 3 0.5-1 0-30 psi CH3OH 3 Studies were undertaken Kinetic assessment of ethanol inclusion in IC engine fuel Practical assessment of ethanol fueling in an HCCI engine Effects of Water-Methanol charge cooling on HCCI combustion Sandia HCCI Engine Geometry CR 13.5 - V_c 78.72 cm3 Conrod/ Crank 3.2 speed 1200 RPM IVC -160 CAD EVO 112

5 Chemical Kinetic Study of the Effect of Ethanol on HCCI Combustion

6 Ethanol Splash Blends: Kinetic Analysis
Neat PRF87 70%PRF87/30% Ethanol (v/v) Large Impact on Phasing Based on fuel reactivity LTHR quenched

7 Ethanol Splash Blends: Kinetic Analysis
Neat PRF87 70%PRF87/30% Ethanol (v/v) Large Impact on Phasing Based on fuel reactivity LTHR quenched Quenching appears significant, even at reduced Ethanol content 1.5% Ethanol (v/v)

8 Low Temperature Heat Release
As little as 1.5% Ethanol by Volume Reduces LTHR by an order of magnitude Ethanol must have additional effects beyond individual reactivity

9 Heptane and LTHR n-Heptane exhibits strong LTHR
Thermal Decomposition/H abstraction Initiates Occurs at relatively low temperatures <1000 [K] Repeated Attack by O2 Generates Peroxy-Alkyl Radicals Eventually Produces OH Feeds reaction Pathway Provides Sensible Energy Release n-C7H16 H O2 C7H15-2 C7H14OOH,2-4 O2 H2O O2 C7H14OOH,2-4O2 n-C7H16 C7H14OOH,2-4 RXNs 3 OH C5H10 - CH3CHO C3H7CHO - CH3COCH2

10 Acetaldehyde Vs Heptane: A Fight to the Finish
CH3CH2OH OH H2O HO2 H2O2 Ethanol effectively Quenches LTHR Ethanol competes for Radical intermediates Specifically OH Dominant RXN path Produces stable species H2O Acetaldehyde H2O2 O2 SC2H4OH PC2H4OH C2H5O HO2 OH CH3CHO High Temp CH2CHO CH3CO H2O

11 Important Species in LTHR

12 Acetaldehyde LTHR Quenching with high Heptane content

13 Upgrading Low Octane Fuels With Ethanol
PRF 81 and PRF 53 blended with 30% and 50% Ethanol Respectively Interpolated Octane numbers for each blend match base fuel, PRF 87 LTHR Attenuation complete even for Heptane rich blends such as PRF 53 Reduction of LTHR favorably impacts combustion phasing for SI applications CH3CHO LTHR quenching a primary factor in Ethanol’s antiknock characteristics.

14 Practical Implications of Blending Ethanol with Conventional Fuels
Study 2 Practical Implications of Blending Ethanol with Conventional Fuels

15 Ethanol Energy Implications
LHV declines faster than AFR reduces 18.5% 27.6% Reduction in LHV means more fuel required with higher ethanol content Reduction in AFR requires more fuel for a given air flow

16 Similar phasing achieved with ΔT of 50[K]
Heat Transfer Effects High sensitivity to heat loss Similar phasing achieved with ΔT of 50[K] Increasing Temp No LTHR for Eth

17 Ethanol Content Effects
Similar phasing for cases through E50 Similar phasing at high temperature Once she goes off, she goes off Temp just right Ethanol content Reactivity effect

18 LTHR Investigation

19 CO Emissions CO increases with pure ethanol due to low combustion efficiency Higher co with 480K likely just noise in the simulation, very small numbers Co2 disassociate into co

20 NOx Emissions Increased level of combustion – 450 tucked underneath 480 K

21 Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions
Likely noise in simulation

22 Study 3 An Optimization of a Water/Methanol injection strategy for Increased Load in an HCCI engine

23 Water/Methanol Injection: Background
Water injection used to reduce temperature of intake charge – used by many car manufacturers Water/Methanol injection used to reduce temperature of intake charge and increase the octane rating of fuel – used by fewer car manufacturers Optimum mixture is heavily debated - Flammable liquid - Corrosion - More methanol = better Proven to increase power rating - Allows higher boost before pre-detonation becomes an issue

24 Water/Methanol Injection: Setup
Ambient Air (Ta) Adiabatic Compression Water/Methanol Injection Water/Methanol Vaporization Thermal Equilibrium (Cv) Require Specified Boost (T, P) Chemkin Simulation

25 Water/Methanol Injection: Parameters
Boost Pressure (15 psi) 0 – 30 psi Ambient Temperature (398K) 348K – 448K Phi (0.75) 0.5 – 1 x (0.25) 0 – 0.5 Ε (0.5) 0 - 1

26 Water/Methanol Injection: Results

27 Water/Methanol Injection: Results

28 Conclusions Mechanism for LTHR suppression in fuels blended with ethanol has been established and qualitatively validated Acetaldehyde production competes for hydroxyl radicals effectively, allowing low octane fuels to be upgraded by only small amounts of Ethanol/other alcohol fuels HCCI sensitivity increases with Ethanol Content, due to differences in fuel reactivity Benefits of Ethanol Inclusion Peak near E-30 Optimum mixture for Water/Methanol injection is near 25-35% Methanol, and may vary slightly with pressure More Water/Methanol injection leads to a larger plausible boost pressure

29 Future Work Investigate the discrepancy in expected Reactivity and observed combustion phasing in low octane fuels upgraded with Ethanol Expand Acetaldehyde analysis to other oxygenated fuels, and fuel blends Methanol kinetics – Why only useful in small concentrations? Water/Methanol injection directly into cylinder – Possible dynamic temperature reduction method? Water/Methanol injection realism – Relaxation of assumptions

30 Thank you. QUESTIONS?

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