1. RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES A CLAUSE IS A PART OF A SENTENCE
A RELATIVE CLAUSE TELLS US WHICH PERSON OR THING THE SPEAKER MEANS.
WE USE RELATIVE PRONOUNS TO JOIN THE TWO PARTS OF THE SENTENCE:
THE WOMAN LIVES NEXT DOOR
SHE IS A DOCTOR
THE WOMAN WHO LIVES NEXT DOOR IS A DOCTOR.

3. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
THE INFORMATION GIVEN IS NECESSARY:
WE KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE
THEY LIVE IN THE COUNTRY
WE KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE COUNTRY.
THE PRONOUNS WE NEED ARE:
WHO/THAT – PEOPLE
WHICH/THAT– THINGS
WHERE – PLACES
WHOSE - POSSESSION

4. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
The woman who/that lives next door is a doctor.
The cheese which/that is in the fridge is French.
The apartment where we spent our holidays is beautiful.
A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.

5. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
WE CAN OMIT THE PRONOUN WHEN IT IS THE OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE:
I WANTED TO SEE A WOMAN.
SHE WAS AWAY ON HOLIDAYS.
THE WOMAN WHO I WANTED TO SEE WAS AWAY ON HOLIDAYS.
I (subject) wanted to see the woman (object)
THE WOMAN I WANTED TO SEE WAS AWAY ON HOLIDAYS.

6. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
THE INFORMATION GIVEN IS EXTRA:
My brother, who lives in Boston, is a doctor.
THE RELATIVE CLAUSE ALWAYS GOES IN BETWEEN COMMAS.
THE PRONOUNS WE NEED ARE:
WHO – PEOPLE
WHICH – THINGS
WHERE – PLACES
WHOSE – POSSESSION
WE CANNOT USE THAT INSTEAD OF WHO/WHICH

7. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
JOHN, WHO SPEAKS FRENCH AND GERMAN, WORKS AS A TOURIST GUIDE.
WE STAYED AT THE PARK HOTEL, WHICH A FRIEND OF US RECOMMENDED.
JILL HAS JUST BEEN IN SWEDEN, WHERE HER FAMILY IS FROM.
LIZ, WHOSE CAR BROKE DOWN, IS IN A VERY BAD MOOD.

8. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
WE NEVER OMIT THE PRONOUN IN NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES