1. Power & Subjugation In the Islamic Middle East Then and Now
Leo A. Gher, Professor Emeritus
Southern Illinois University

7. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
Training professional broadcasters in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, among others:
Al-Jazeera TV
Egyptian Radio & TV
Arab Radio and TV
Jordan Television
Consultant to U.A.E. & ART television satellite networks

9. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
East & West … Muslim & Christian
Leo & Conrad training media professionals class at Helwan
Employees or soon-to-be employees of Orbit, MBC, Egyptian R-TV Union, ART, MBC and Al-Jazeera

10. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now

11. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
September 11, 2001

23. … the higgledy-piggledy torchbearer
NOW?
Where do we stand?
Leo
… the higgledy-piggledy torchbearer

25. … the higgledy-piggledy torchbearer
A Tinderbox…
and Failure of Policy
Leo
… the higgledy-piggledy torchbearer

26. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
TERRORISM is SPREADING
US State Department Report (2017), number of
foreign terrorist groups has increased from
28 in 2002… to 44 in 2009… to 61 today!

27. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
In fact, Terrorist Incidents are on the Upswing!
Source: START – Global Terrorism Data

28. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
Terrorist attacks are mostly centralized, occurring in five countries: Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Syria
Source: START – Global Terrorism Data

29. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
WORLDWIDE REFUGEE CRISES
People displaced is the highest since World War II
Currently, 65 million people are refugees
12 million Syrians have been forced from homes

30. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
European Union asylum seekers by age,

31. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now

32. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
So, what has happened?
Arab Spring | Syrian collapse | Rise of ISIS
Fall of the elected government in Egypt
Authoritarianism in Turkey
and
Shrinking influence of Pax Americana
The West is held responsible!

33. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
United Nations Report revealed…
70% increase in civilian casualties from American airstrikes!
in Afghanistan during the first six months of 2017

34. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
In Yemen…
coalition bombings have yielded similar results.

35. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
Identified…
daily USA bomb debris

36. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
Democracy declines by 29.6% to 2016

37. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
Authoritarian regimes have broadened control over legislatures…
Have taken over most political institutions
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Egypt
Recep Erdogan in Turkey
Nouri Abusahmain in Lybia
Vladimir Putin in Russia
Viktor Orban in Hungary
Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela

38. Nation-states that are actual democracies today
Civilizations
Nation-states that are actual democracies today

39. Islamic Middle East – Then & Now
a failure of policy…
Why?

40. … eager guide – higgledy-piggledy torchbearer
As you have seen and witnessed, the Islamic World has changed noticeably in the last quarter-century!
What NOW?
Why?
What’s next?
Leo
… eager guide – higgledy-piggledy torchbearer

41. Rise to POWER ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION THROUGH TIME
1) Muhammad Times ( CE)
2) Rashidun Caliphate ( CE)
3) Umayyad Caliphate ( CE)
4) Abbasid Caliphate ( CE)
5) Ottoman Empire ( CE)

42. Rise to POWER
* Medina
* Mecca
Under
Muhammad

43. Rise to POWER
* Medina
* Mecca
Rashidun
Caliphate
* Mecca

44. Rise to POWER
Umayyad
Caliphate

45. Rise to POWER
Abbasid
Caliphate

46. Rise to POWER
Ottoman
Empire

47. Fall to SUBJUGATION ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION THROUGH RECENT TIME
Post-WW I Collapse ( CE)
The surviving Islamic Caliphate – the Ottoman Empire – fell with other “Central Powers” to a new world order
Allied Powers – notably England, France, and Russia – constructed “modern” nation-states out the old Islamic civilization
Including (eventually) a Jewish state, Israel

48. Fall to SUBJUGATION 1918-1948: in the Middle East
1918 – Middle East theater of World War I (5 million deaths)
1924 – Druze War (Druze and Alawite States)
1936 – British forces occupy Egypt (to protect the Suez Canal)
1937 – Dersim Rebellion (Kurds; 70,000 deaths)
1941 – Iraqi coup leads to the British invasion of Iraq
1941 – Allied invasion of Syria–Lebanon
1941 – Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
1941 – Operation Crusader | British vs. German in North Africa
1942 – Battle of El Alamein
1942 – Occupation of Persian Corridor
1943 – Allied forces invade Tunisia

49. Fall to SUBJUGATION ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION THROUGH RECENT TIME
Post-WW II Intervention ( CE)
1947 – Arab–Israeli conflict (80,000 deaths)
1947 – United Nations plan to partition Palestine
1948 – Zionist leadership declared the State of Israel
1949 – Nakba: 800,000 Palestinians fled Israel
1953 – USA/British coupe installs Pahlavi in Iran
1956 – Suez War
1967 – Six-Day War
1973 – Yom Kippur War
1978 – Russia invades Afghanistan
1982 – Lebanon War
1988 – Iraq-Iran War (1,150,000 deaths)

50. Treaty of Sèvres, 1920,
acts on Sykes-Picot
Drawing lines
in the
sand…

51. Fall to SUBJUGATION ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION – A “NOW TIME” LOOK
1989 to present – War on Terrorism/War on Islam
1989 – Russia withdraws from Afghanistan…
1990 – USA leads forces into the Gulf War
1992 – ME accepts Islamism, promoted by Iran’s Shia clerics and by the powerful Wahhabist sect of Saudi Arabia
1998 – U.S. embassy bombings/USS Cole bombing
2001 – September 11 attack in New York
2001 – Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan
2002 – Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines
2003 – Iraq War begins (500,000+ deaths)
2011 – Syrian War begins (470,000 deaths/11 million refugees)
Present day – ISIS crisis