1. 4.2 Mutations

2. Gene Mutation
Gene mutation is the change in the order of the A,G,C,T bases in a gene
These altered genes can have a positive, negative or no effect on the organism

3. Types of Mutations Deletion- One base is missing
The Gene should be ACTGCGT
But instead is ACGCGT
Addition- One extra base is added
But instead is ACTGTCGT
Substitution-One base is substituted for another
But instead is ACGGCGT

4. X-Men How do the X-Men’s superpowers relate to mutation?
The addition, deletion, or substitution let to different proteins being made
Ex) Wolverine’s mutation of his DNA produced proteins that could rapidly repair broken cells

5. X-Men Mutations= Not Likely
What do real mutations result in?
Check out some real mutations

6. Snake?

7. Leaf?

8. Bee?

9. Wasp?

10. Camouflage

11. Camouflage

12. Poisonous?

13. Owl?

14. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact?

15. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact?
This is the usual appearance of the pepper moth. It blends right in with its surroundings to avoid being eaten.

16. However, factories in an area polluted and the trees became a blackish color

17. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact?
As a result of a mutation, a black version of the pepper moth is now better suited

18. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact?

19. Positive Mutation
The mutation of a gene has a positive impact on the organism
Ex) Mutated gene that creates a protein that prevents HIV from infecting the organism

20. Negative Mutation
Small changes in certain genes have harmful effects on the organism
Ex) Sickle cell anemia

21. Neutral Mutation The mutation has no impact on the organism
Ex) Spirit Bear

22. Mutagens Substances or factors that cause mutation in DNA
Ex) UV Light, x-rays, pollutants and other harmful chemicals

23. Correcting Mutations
Gene Therapy- replace a mutated gene with a healthy copy
Complicated and highly experimental

24. Other Mutations

25. Other Mutations

26. Other Mutations

27. Other Mutations

28. Other Mutations

29. Other Mutations

30. Other Mutations

31. Other Mutations

32. Other Mutations
Spider-tailed Viper- Iran

33. Other Mutations
Squid Camo...4:24
Mimic Octopus

34. Other Mutations

35. Other Mutations
Lyre Bird