1. MADISON'S PRESIDENCY, 1809 TO 1817
1. Madison’s attempts at US Neutrality
Causes of War of 1812
Impressment
War Hawks
Tecumseh
Defend American neutrality
2nd War of Independence: vs. Great Britain
Mr. Madison’s War---War of 1812
Misc. Information and lst’s
War strategy
Francis Scott Key = “National Anthem”
British burn White House
War heroes
William Henry Harrison
Andrew Jackson
Battle of New Orleans--1815
Madnotes1

2. US defends it’s neutrality Respect from Europe
Madnotes2
3. Outcomes:
War----a stalemate
Treaty of Ghent
Hartford Convention
War’s Legacy
US defends it’s neutrality
Respect from Europe
4. President James Monroe, 1817 to 1825
Era of Good Feelings
Monroe Doctrine

3. President James Madison
madwar
Born in Virginia, 1751
Enlisted in Continental Army but too small
Attended Princeton University and became a lawyer.
Father of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
Secretary of State during Jefferson’s Presidency
President, 1809 to 1817
Most known for defending US Neutrality during the War of 1812.
President James Madison

4. WAR OF 1812
Non-Intercourse Act Replaced the Embargo of Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon’s Bill No. 2.
Macon’s Bill No Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.

5. WAR OF 1812
Dupe of Napoleon
August, 1810: in response, Napoleon (lying) announced decrees (stop impressing US ships) had been repealed
November, 1810: Madison announces nonimportation against Britain
Results in political ties with France
Major foreign policy mistake
Napoleon

6. Presidential Election of 1812

7. War breaks out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
The War of 1812
2nd War of Independence
Mr. Madison’s War
War breaks out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
NEXT

8. Both sides were impressing US ships.
IMPRESSMENT
impressment
France and Great Britain are at war
Both sides were impressing US ships.
An act of kidnapping a ship, its contents, men and forcing them into your navy
England closed ports under French control to foreign shipping (incl. US), seized US ships & impressed Americans.
Napoleon ordered seizure of all merchant ships that entered British ports.

9. John C. Calhoun South Carolina
MR. MADISON'S WAR
madwar
War of 1812
War Hawks
New members of Congress, John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay want war why Great Britain….Why?
U.S. must defend its neutrality
Stop impressment
British forts
Tecumseh
Desire for Canada and Florida
Called 2nd War of Independence
John C. Calhoun South Carolina
Henry Clay Kentucky

10. Tecumseh
Tecumseh (Shawnee warrior) & the Prophet (brother) formed union of tribes east of Mississippi to fight white intrusion
Supplied by the British
led Indian cultural renewal
1809: General William H. Harrison appointed as governor of Indiana Territory by President Jefferson.
President Jefferson instructed Harrison to convince Tecumseh to stop attacking American settlements.

11. Tecumseh
Tecumseh reflected bitterly on the white man’s treatment of his people.
“We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game and in return what did they give our warriors and our women? Rum, trinkets (jewelry) and death”

12. William Henry Harrison
T E C U M S E H VS H A R R I S O N
Tecumseh vs Harrison
“One of those uncommon geniuses who spring up occasionally to produce revolutions and overturn the established ordered of things.
If it were not for the vicinity of the U.S., he would perhaps be the founder of an Empire that would rival in glory that of Mexico.”
William Henry Harrison

13. Defend our self interest President James Madison
MR. MADISON'S WAR
madwar
War of 1812
PRINCIPLES WE FOUGHT
Defend our neutrality
Freedom of the seas
Defend our self interest
Madison brought the US into this war to defend the neutrality of the US.
Would this be a violation of President Washington’s policy of keeping the US out of war and neutral?
President James Madison

14. “Mr. Madison’s War” Why Britain, not France?
Impressment: destroying US economy
British forts
Arming of Indians (Tecumseh)
Desire for Canada
No respect from British
Was convinced by the War Hawks that this was a needed war.

15. “Mr. Madison’s War”
June, 1812: War Hawks engineer declaration of war with England.
Unfortunately, Congress was not aware that London repealed impressment policy 2 days prior to war
New England opposed to war but Southern/western states supported the war
US at war vs. most powerful nation, but US divided
Poorly equipped US army initiated military action in by launching a 3-part invasion of Canada
The British easily repulsed the Americans

16. Failed invasion into Canada. Blockade hurt US economy…
WAR OF 1812
Map war1812
US unprepared for war.
Failed invasion into Canada.
Blockade hurt US economy…

17. The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813
US military victory led by General William H. Harrison
Tecumseh was killed during this battle

19. Naval Battles
The Battle of Lake Erie was probably the most important naval battle of the war
After defeating the British, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry declared, “We have met the enemy and they are ours”
Thomas Macdonough defeated a British fleet on Lake Champlain which resulted in a British retreat
US Naval tradition develops during the War of 1812

21. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
Dolly Madison escaped from White House and took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the British destroyed it.
Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814

22. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
U.S. Flag which flew over Fort McHenry to inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner. September 13th, 1814

23. Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814
Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… Francis Scott Key

24. BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
New orleans
10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.
4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were defeated on January 8, 1815, 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was negotiated to end the war.

26. Considered greatest U.S. victory to that time
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
New orleans
Considered greatest U.S. victory to that time
Defeated British’s best without help from any country
Countries gained respect for the U.S. after this battle.
Kept Louisiana Purchase under the control of the U.S.

27. The Treaty of Ghent War of 1812 is considered a “stalemate”…Dec. 1814
Peace commissioners in Ghent devised the following terms of peace
A halt to the fighting
The return of all conquered territory to the prewar borders
Recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States
Treaty was ratified by the Senate

28. H A R T F O R D C O N V E N T I O N
Radical NE Federalists met to discuss their grievances & find solutions to their problems:
U.S. Govt. fighting an unnecessary war against the wrong enemy
Sought financial assistance from Washington since their trade was at a standstill because British had placed a blockade around the Atlantic coastline of US
New Englanders continued to trade with the British during the war
Talked of secession or a separate peace proposal with England

29. H A R T F O R D C O N V E N T I O N
Resolutions adopted by the convention resemble a modern day political platform:
Constitutional amendments lessening the powers of Congress
restoring Federalist influence by a minority veto
2/3’s vote before an embargo, new western states could be admitted and war could be declared.

30. The War’s Legacy U.S. gained the respect of other nations
U.S. came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a part of the British Empire
The Federalist party came to an end as a national force
Talk of nullification and secession in New England set a precedent that would later be used by the South
Gained our neutrality and became isolated from Europe

31. The War’s Legacy
Native Americans in the West were forced to surrender large areas of land and move west.
More U.S. factories were built
War heroes such as Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison would eventually become Presidents.
Growth of American nationalism
Enter a time period in our history called the “Era of Good Feelings”

32. OUTCOMES OF WAR OF 1812
The War of 1812 won new respect for America among many British. Michael Scott, a young lieutenant in the British navy wrote,
“I don’t like Americans; I never did, and never shall like them…..I have no wish to eat with them, drink with them, deal with, or consort with them in any way; but let me tell the whole truth, nor fight with them, were it not for the laurels to be acquired, by overcoming an enemy so brave, determined and alert, and in every way so worthy on one’s steel, as they have always proved.
Respect from the Europeans