1. Endocrine System

2. Endocrine System
Regulates overall metabolism, homeostasis, growth and reproduction
Glands – are organs that specialize in the secretion of substances needed by an organism
Hormones – are the secretions produced by the endocrine glands
- released into the bloodstream

3. Chemical Regulation: Effect on the body:
Hormones are specific to a target organ or tissue to stimulate or inhibit
Response of system is slower than nervous system because it must travel through the blood to reach target
Effect of hormone- last minutes to hours or even years

5. Organs of the Endocrine System :
GLAND
HORMONE(S)
FUNCTION IN THE BODY
Pineal
melatonin
Daily sleep and wake cycles
Pituitary (Master gland)
TSH,ACTH, Growth Hormone, FSH, LH, Prolactin/ oxytocin, vasopressin
Controls other glands
Thyroid
Thyroxine, calcitonin
Overall body metabolism, blood calcium levels

6. Organs of the Endocrine System:
Parathyroid
parathormone
Calcium and phosphate metabolism
Thymus
thymosin
Stimulate T-cells in immune system
Pancreas
Insulin, glucagon
Blood sugar (glucose)

7. Organs of the Endocrine System:
Adrenal
Epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone
Stimulate nervous system “fight or flight” mechanism, stress response, sodium balance
Ovary/ testis
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Sperm and egg production, secondary and primary sex characteristics

8. Every cell in body
Prostaglandin
Secreted in response to injury and affect metabolic activities such as heart beat, blood pressure & immune response

9. Feedback Mechanisms
Negative Feedback – is when an activity alters a condition in the body, and this triggers a series of events that reverses the altered condition
Ex. Body temperature
When body temp. goes up, we sweat
When body temp. goes down, we shiver
Ex. Blood sugar levels
When blood sugar goes up, insulin lowers blood sugar
When blood sugar goes down, glucagon raises blood sugar

10. Feedback Mechanisms (continued)
Positive Feedback – is when a change initiates a response, and that response intensifies the original change
Ex. Contractions of the uterus during childbirth
Endocrine System Video

11. Disorders
Diabetes – is a disease where a person cannot produce insulin
Inability of the body to store sugar as glycogen
Goiter – is enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency