1. Aim # 42: How do we name molecules with functional groups- part 2?
H.W. # 42a
Study pp
Study class notes!
Ans. ques. p. 680 # 52-55
Name each of the following:

2. Organic (Carboxylic) Acids
Vinegar (acetic acid) is a type of carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids are characterized by the following group: O
R–C–H
This group always has to appear at the end of the carbon chain! (Why?)

3. Naming carboxylic acids
1. Count the number of carbons in the longest chain, and use the root name of the alkane.
2. Take off the -e.
3. Add ‘-oic acid.’

4. Why are carboxylic acids acidic?
Because the oxygen in the C=O group hogs all the electrons for itself…
…it takes electrons away from the O-H bond.
This allows the H to leave the molecule as H+ …it’s an Arrhenius acid!

5. Carboxylic Examples
Name the following carboxylic acids:

6. Esters Esters are characterized by the functional group: O R–C–O–R’
Esters are responsible for many pleasant aromas and tastes.
Wintergreen, peppermint, clove, and banana all get their aromas and tastes from esters!

7. Naming Esters
To name an ester, you have to divide it into two separate parts:
The part without the oxygens; and
The part with the oxygens.
The part without the oxygens comes first in the name (methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.)
The part with the oxygens has the root hydrocarbon name. Remove the “-e” and add “-oate”.

8. Examples of Esters
Name the following esters

9. Amines Amines are characterized by the presence of nitrogen.
We’re only going to look at the amines that have an –NH3 group.
Amines smell like rotting fish! YUK!

10. Naming Amines 1. Write the root name of the longest hydrocarbon chain.
2. Take off the –e.
3. Add, “-amine.”
4. If necessary, indicate the number of the carbon to which the amine group is attached.

11. Amine Naming Practice CH3CH2CH2NH2 CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 CH3CHCH2CH3 NH2
CH3CHCH2CH2CH2NH CH3

12. Amides Amides are characterized by the group: O R–C–NH2 Naming amides:
1. Write the root name of the longest
hydrocarbon chain.
2. Take off the –e.
3. Add, “-amide.”
4. For us, this will happen at the end of a carbon chain-
no need to indicate the # of a carbon.

13. Amide naming practice CH3CH2CH2CONH2 CH3CHCH2CONH2 CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH2CONH CH CH3