1. American Government
Chapter 21
Section 4

2. Citizenship by Birth Jus Soli – law of the soil
14th Amendment
Jus Sanguinis – law of the blood
Commonlaw

3. Citizenship by Naturalization
Individual
Legal entry, 5 years residency, 18 years old
File petition
English literate
“good moral character”
Knowledge of American history, government
Oath or Affirmation of allegiance

4. Citizenship by Naturalization
Collective
Usually occurs when territory is acquired
Louisiana Territory inhabitants
14th amendment naturalizes all former slaves

5. Loss of Citizenship Expatriation – voluntary
Denaturalization – involuntary

6. Immigration Regulations take effect when land runs short
Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882
Contract Laborers – 1885
Immoral persons, Anarchists – 1903
Illiterates – 1917
Quotas begin 1921

7. Undocumented Aliens 4 to 6 million Increases by 500K annually
Most enter legally, do not renew visas
Detained illegal aliens are deported