1. Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

2. Nucleic Acids Differences
RNA
DNA
Single strand
Has Us
Can leave the nucleus
Ribose sugar
Double stranded helix
Has Ts
Stays only in the nucleus
Deoxyribose sugar

3. 3 types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)-is made by copying the DNA
Takes strand message to ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome from the cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-makes up the ribosome

6. Transcription Where: Nucleus
What: takes the DNA message and makes mRNA
Why: DNA can’t leave the nucleus but the message must get to the ribosome
You are now using U’s no T’s.
RNA polymerase
Enzyme that brings in RNA nucleotides to match up with DNA

11. TRANSCRIBE THESE ON YOUR NOTEGUIDE.
A T C A T T C G G G A T
C C A T T A C G G G A
UAGUAAGCCCUA
GGUAAUGCCCU

12. SPLICING
Before the mRNA can go to the ribosome, it needs to be spliced.
The junk (parts of the DNA that are noncoding regions) called introns need to be cut out.
Exons (coding regions) are then stuck together. This is the correct concise message.

14. Translation Where: ribosome
What: tRNA brings in amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA anticodon: 3 bases that are complementary to mRNA
All mRNA start with the
codon AUG
Protein Synthesis stops
when a stop codon is
reached.

17. What determines what amino acid is attached to the tRNA?
Is it mRNA or tRNA?
mRNA

20. Watch the animation. http://www.wisc-
online.com/objects/index.asp?objID=AP1302

21. Does it matter what order the amino acids are in?
The order of amino acids dictates the shape of the protein.
The shape determines the function of the protein.
Wrong order, wrong shape, no function

22. Write the anticodons for the codons
A U G C A U U A G G C C A U
C G A A U A C A G G A U
UACGUAAUCCGGUA
GCUUAUGUCCUA

23. Write the amino acid sequence from the mRNA sequence.
A U G C A G C A U U A U A C C
C G A A U A C A G G A U
Methionine glutamine histidine tyrosine threonine
Arginine isoleucine glutamine aspartic acid