1. Three Early Chinese Dynasties Zhou, Qin, Han

2. I. The Zhou Dynasty – 1028 B.C. – 256 B.C.
A. The Zhou conquered the last Shang king around 1028 B.C.
1. Zhou rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven (heaven’s approval)
2. They established a feudal system (feudalism)
a. Kings gave land to nobles in exchange for loyalty
b. peasants worked land in exchange for protection

3. King Nobles Peasants Merchants
Chinese feudal system developed under the Zhou dynasty
King
Grants use of land to nobles in exchange for loyalty
Nobles
Give loyalty and armies to the king
Peasants
Work the land for the nobles in exchange for shelter, protection, and food
Merchants
Lower status than peasants because riches come from other’s work

4. B. Zhou technological advances
1. Major advancement = use of iron
2. cast iron = stronger weapons & farming tools; increased production
3. invented crossbow
4. invented silk cloth – becomes major trade item

5. C. Zhou dynasty crumbles
1. Zhou lose power & enters Era of the Warring States
2. regional kings fighting each other for land and power
3. The Qin eventually win and unite China

6. The Warring States Period of Ancient China 480 BCE to 221 BCE

7. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge
Why do you think there was an effort to find a new governing style?
Confucianism
“The Analects”
Teachings of Confucius
Daoism
Balance/Harmony with Nature
“Respect yourself and others will respect you.”

8. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge
A. Confucianism
1. Impact of Confucianism in forming the social order in China
a. Belief that humans are good, not bad
b. Respect for elders – Filial Piety -
c. Code of Politeness (still use in Chinese society today)
d. Emphasis on education
e. Ancestor worship
Respect link

9. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge
A. Confucianism
2. Five Primary Relationships
a. ruler and subject
b. father and son
c. elder brother and younger brother
d. husband and wife
e. friend and friend
Respect link

10. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge
A. Confucianism
3. the Analects
a. teachings of Confucius
b. Provide guidelines for Confucianism
Respect link

12. Writing and teachings of Confucius =
Confucianism
- Filial Piety – Respect/obey elders/family
- Every member of society has duty.
- Role model or follower or both
Writing and teachings of Confucius =
Analects

13. Yin and Yang represent opposites for Confucianism and Taoism.
II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge
B. Daoism
1. Impact of Daoism in forming Chinese culture and values
a. Humility – low view of one’s own importance
b. Simple life & inner peace
c. Harmony/balance with nature
Lao Zi - founder
Yin and Yang represent opposites for Confucianism and Taoism.

14. Daoism/Daoism
Balance and harmony with nature
Yin and Yang

15. III. The Qin Dynasty – 221 B.C. – 210 B.C.
A. Around 221 B.C., the Qin defeat rival kingdoms & unite much of China
1. strong centralized gov’t formed
2. military districts allowed emperor to maintain control
3. Qin Shihuangdi = 1st emperor of China
4. China gets its name from Qin

16. B. Qin Shihuangdi – his achievements
1. standardized weights and measures and coinage
2. created uniform writing system
3. constructed Great Wall of China

17. C. The Great Wall of China
1. Invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North.
2. Qin built the Great Wall to guard against these invasions
3. Wall extended over 4,000 miles
4. built with forced labor – many died during construction

22. D. Qin’s Shihuangdi’s Strict Rule
1. Imposed censorship (burned books) to control information
2. took power from local lords
3. many forced-labor projects
4. legalistic philosophy – strict laws + harsh punishments

23. D. The End of the Qin Dynasty
1. Qin Shihuangdi dies in 210 B.C.
2. He is buried with an army of terra cotta (clay) soldiers and horses
3. The dynasty weakens; loses control of country
B.C. Han Dynasty comes to power

24. III. The Han Dynasty – 206 B.C. – A.D. 220
A. Liu Bang reunites China + becomes 1st emperor of Han Dynasty
Liu Bang reestablished centralized power
lowered taxes and softened punishments

25. IV. The Han Dynasty – 206 B.C. – A.D. 220
A. Wudi – The greatest Han ruler
1. He greatly expanded the empire
2. He expanded trade routes to the west known as the Silk Roads
a. Silk Roads = Series of trade routes linking China and the Mediterranean cultures & Roman Empire

26. 4. The Han Dynasty rivaled the Roman Empire in: Size Population
3. He established the Civil Service System – system/tests for selecting most able person for gov’t jobs.
4. The Han Dynasty rivaled the Roman Empire in:
Size
Population
government
Taking the Civil Service Exam

27. Silk Roads – Connect China to Mediterranean Sea and Roman Empire

28. Silk Roads

30. Silk Roads
Indian Ocean
trade routes

31. B. Fall of the Han Dynasty
1. After Wudi died the dynasty weakened.
2. The Huns eventually overthrew the Han Dynasty

32. C. Other contributions of Classical China
1. invented paper
2. porcelain
3. gun powder
4. wheelbarrow

33. Early Chinese Crossbows
Repeating Crossbow

34. The Terra Cotta soldiers of Shi Huangdi’s tomb

35. Zhou iron axe