1. Spencer Horticulture Curriculum 2011
PLANT ANATOMY
Spencer Horticulture Curriculum
2011

2. Objectives
Basic Parts
Functions
Types

3. Plant Parts
Roots
Stem
Leaves
Flower

4. Roots Anchor Plant Absorb water and minerals
Translocate water and minerals to stem
Store Food

5. Stems Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves
Support the leaves and display them to light
Three parts: phloem, xylem, cambium

6. Leaves Make food through photosynthesis Provide site of gas exchange
Store food
Photosynthesis--Chlorophyll
Light Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water = Sugar + Oxygen

7. Flowers Contain organs for specialized sexual reproduction
Produce seeds and fruit

8. Types of Roots Tap Root Continuation of the primary root
Ideal for anchorage

9. Types of Roots Fibrous Roots Many finely branched secondary roots
Shallow roots cover a large area
More effective absorption of water and minerals
Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

10. Types of Roots Aerial roots Clinging air roots Absorptive air roots
Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems
Roots that fasten the plant to a support
Absorptive air roots

11. Types of Roots Adventitious Roots Develop in places other than nodes
Can form on cuttings and rhizomes

12. Types of Roots Root hairs:
Tiny one celled hair like extensions located near the tips of the roots
Increased surface area
Absorb water and minerals from soil

13. Types of Roots

14. Specialized Roots Corm (gladiolus, crocus)
Underground
Solid, fleshy, scale covered
Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
Layers of fleshy scales that overlap

15. Specialized Roots Tuber (potato, caladium)
Food storage area
Crown (african violets, ferns)
Closely grouped stems or plantlets
Just above ground or just below

16. Stems: Internal

17. Stem Tissues Xylem: transports water from roots
Phloem: transports food from leaves
Cambium: growth tissue

18. Stems: External

19. Specialized Stems Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)
Underground stems
Produce roots on the lower surface
Extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground

20. Specialized Stems Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)
Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface
Development similar to rhizomes

21. Parts of a Leaf

22. Leaf Types

23. Leaf Tissues Cuticle Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems
Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants

24. Leaf Tissues
Stomata
Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves
Exchange of gases (Transpiration)

25. Leaf Tissues Guard Cells Two cells located on each side of stomata
Open and closes stomata

26. Leaf Tissues Mesophyll layer Contains air and chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

27. Leaf Tissues

28. Flower Parts Sepals Petals Outer covering of the flower bud
Protects the stamens and pistils
Petals
Brightly colored
Protects stamen and pistil
Attracts pollinating insects

29. Flower Parts Stamens Male Reproductive part Anther-produces pollen
Filament-supports the anther

30. Flower Parts Pistil Female reproductive part Ovary Stigma
Enlarged portion at base of pistil
Produces ovules which develop into seeds
Stigma
Holds the pollen grains

31. Flower Parts Pistil Cont’d Style Connects the stigma with ovary
Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

32. Flower Parts

33. Flower Types Complete: have all four main parts
Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Pistils
Incomplete: missing one of the four parts

34. Plant Parts