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Chapter 5 Notes Biological Diversity
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-the variety of species in an area
Biodiversity -the variety of species in an area Important b/c: Living things are interdependent Ex: symbiosis Diversity brings stability to an ecosystem Humans depend on other organisms -Ex. Plants make oxygen -Many medicines come from plants
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Loss of Biodiversity Levels Threatened Species – may become endangered
Endangered Species – in danger of becoming extinct Extinction- the disappearance of a species, when the last member dies
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Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat loss- loss of places for species to live Biggest reason for decline in biodiversity Caused by: Clearing land Fragmentation-separation of wilderness areas by humans The edges of an ecosystem are areas with great biodiversity
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Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Degradation- damage to a habitat by: Acid rain- caused by air pollution Ozone layer depletion causes high UV levels Water pollution
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Air Pollution Pollution-contamination of the environment
Air Pollution from burning fossil fuels harmful gases(CO/CO2/NO/ SO/HC) particulates-harmful soot particles smog-smoke & fog
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Acid Precipitation Acid Rain Raindrops+CO2+NO or SO= weak acids
weak acid +H2O +O +heat(sun) =Sulfuric or Nitric acid SO from coal burning NO from automobiles Harms trees and Lake Ecosystems
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Ozone Depletion Ozone(O3)-Absorbs most of the sun’s harmful radiation
-Depletion caused by CFC’s from Styrofoam and coolants -CFC’s+UV light = Cl which reacts with O3
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Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Degradation- damage to a habitat by: Land pollution- garbage pesticides Bringing in exotic species causes competition and sometime kills a native species and disrupts the ecosystem
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Greenhouse Effect The process of heat retention by atmospheric gases
Keeps the earth warm CO2 gas traps heat Excessive CO2 from automobiles may cause Global Warming
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Water Pollution 3% of the Earth’s water is freshwater, 50%+ of it is frozen Industrial Waste Fertilizers causes excessive algae growth Human waste causes waterborne diseases
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Groundwater Pollution
Freshwater found underground Agricultural and Industrial pollutants travel through the soil to contaminate groundwater Overuse is the biggest threat
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Land Pollution GARBAGE landfills
Biodegradable-food, wood, animal waste, leaves, grass Nonbiodegradable-plastics, glass, styrofoam,metal...
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Conservation Biology What is being done?
Conserve our Natural Resources Water, Air, Soil, Plant and Animal resources Legal species protection Plant & animals Preserve habitats Species Preservation programs Reintroduce species Captivity
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What can we do? Preservation Conservation Recycle/Reuse
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