1. Does female education affect civil war differently than male education?
Asjed Hussain

2. Hypothesis
Female education is more significant than male education preventing Civil War.

3. Conflict Injustice and Inequality Theory
Vertical and Horizontal Inequalities
Grievances lead to group emotions
Economic Opportunities Theory
Beneficial to be violent
Society cannot satisfy needs in peace

4. Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution Agreement to end conflict
Superficial
Conflict Transformation
Deeper, more fundamental solution
Helps solve cause of conflict
Helps eliminate negative peace

5. Negative Peace and Structural/Cultural Violence
Negative peace - lack of direct violence
Presence of structural and cultural violence
Structural violence - “circumstances that limit life, civil rights, health, personal freedom, and self-fulfillment” (Harris & Morrison, 2003, pg 12)
Cultural violence - i.e. Caste system in India
Negative Peace creates environment for civil war

6. Benefits of Education Broad benefits of education
Economic benefits for individuals and society
Non-Monetary Benefits
Better health
Family Planning
Higher education for children
Social inclusion, socialization, social capital
Thyne (2006) - pacifying effects of education

7. Women in Society and Women’s Education
Many benefits of women’s education
Higher economic growth Klaxon (2000)
Smaller, sustainable families (Herz & Sperling, 2004)
Healthier and smarter children (Herz & Sperling, 2004)
Mother’s education impacts children’s education more than father’s (Filmer, 2000)
“In any given society, female personality comes to define itself in relation and connection to other people more than masculine personality does” (Juschka, 2001,pg. 82)

8. Women’s Education on Violence
Women’s education addresses grievances
Better health and education for children
Better economy
Higher opportunity cost of engaging in conflict
Non-Monetary Benefits of women’s education
Increased education, increased social cohesion
Women interact with more people than men
Better educated women, more cohesive society than better educated men

9. Empirical Analysis Dependent variable - onset of intrastate conflict
Independent variable - Primary Completion Rate of Females and males
Rate of achievement
Representative of societal education level
Base-line specification - Thyne (2006)
Used Fearon and Laitin (2003) as baseline
Problem - missing education data
Used Amelia, data imputation program
Thyne (2006) used this program for education variables

10. Dummy Test - Thyne primary completion
Results
Dummy Test - Thyne primary completion
Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|) (Intercept) e-07 ***Primary Enrollment warl gdpenl lpopl ** lmtnest Oil nwstate instab *

11. Why did this happen? Maybe I don’t know what I’m doing.
Although I’m pretty sure I did it right
Thyne used years
My years:
Education data may be more incomplete for earlier years

12. Maybe Thyne Messed Up!
Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) Primary Enrollment * warl * gdpenl lpopl ***lmtnest Oil nwstate instab **
Thyne’s P value for primary enrollment is , close to mine. Problem: this is a linear squares model, not a logistic model.

13. Key points and Future Work
Conflict
Injustice and inequality and economic opportunity
Conflict resolution vs conflict transformation
Education
Economic and non-monetary benefits of education
Reduce desire for conflict
Women
Significant role in society, more so than men
Women’s education confers many benefits in society
Future Work
Retry Amelia with years and rerun dummy test
Figure out how Thyne ran tests