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Sci. 4-4 Deforming the Earth’s Crust Page
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Stress- the amount of force per unit area that is put on a given material
Deformation- the change in the shape of the rock in response to stress
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C. Compression- squeezed together
D. Tension- being stretched
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E. Folding- rock layers bend due to stress
1) anticline 2)synclines 3) monocline- if both ends of a fold are still horizontal after folding
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F. Faulting- when rocks break and slide past each other
1)footwall 2)hanging wall 3) normal fault- the hanging wall moves down- tension
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4) Reverse fault- the hanging wall moves up- compression
5) Strike-slip fault- occurs when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally
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G. Mountain building is caused by plates moving and bumping into each other
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1) folded mountains- 2 rock layers squeeze together and push up
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2) fault-block mountains- when faulting causes large blocks of Earth’s crust to drop down relative to other blocks.
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3) Volcanic Mountains- when molten rock erupts onto the Earth’s surface
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