1. The Scientific Revolution & Age of Enlightenment

2. Setting the Stage 1300-1600: Great change in Europe
Renaissance – rebirth in learning, spirit of curiosity
Reformation – challenged accepted way of thinking about God and salvation

3. Scientific Revolution Enlightenment
Laid foundations of modern thought
Built on those foundations
Scientific Inquiry
Reform Society
No (Intentional) Challenge to Social Order
Challenged Social Order/ Authorities
Limited Scope
Ambitious, Extensive Scope

4. The Roots of Modern Science
What was the medieval view of the universe? Draw a model and describe.

5. Ptolemy Geocentric Theory

6. Scientific Revolution
Mid-1500s
Based on careful observation
Started with explorers & their discoveries
- possibility of new truths to be found
- new inventions led to scientific research
Invention of the printing press
- helped spread new ideas

7. Heliocentric Theory Nicolaus Copernicus - Polish astronomer
- suggested that the sun was the center of the
universe
- feared that he would be ridiculed
- did not publish his finding until 1543
- On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies

8. Heliocentric Theory Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
- mathematical laws govern
planetary motion
- planets revolve around the
sun in elliptical orbits and
not in circles

9. Galileo Galilei

10. Galileo Galilei
With a telescope, Galileo saw sunspots, moons of Jupiter, mountains on the moon
Theory of velocity of fallen bodies anticipated the modern law of inertia
Finding scared Catholics & Protestants
Church warns Galileo to not publish findings
1632, publishes book supporting Copernicus & Ptolemy
Lived under house arrest until his death in 1642
1992, Catholic Church acknowledges he was right

11. Scientific Method

12. Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes
Using this video and Page 626, identify how each figure developed their own scientific methods
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes

13. Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes
Bacon attacks medieval scholars for relying on conclusions of Aristotle
- Urged scientists to experiment and draw conclusions
Descartes relied on using mathematics and logic
- Only thing he knew for certain is that he existed – he said, “I think, therefore I am”

14. Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes

15. Isaac Newton & Law of Gravity
Mid-1600s
English scientist
Studied at Cambridge University
Theory that all physical objects were affected equally by the same forces
Law of Universal Gravitation
- every object in the universe attracts every other object
- degree of attraction depends on mass of object & distance be/ them
1687 – published The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
- universe = giant clock: all parts work together
- God was the clockmaker who set everything in motion

16. The Scientific Revolution Spreads
Using pg , identify new ideas and discoveries as the Scientific Revolution spread throughout Europe in the chart in your notes. Be sure to identify the person responsible for the achievement.

17. The Scientific Revolution Spreads
Scientific Instruments
Biology and Medicine
Chemistry

18. Effects… Prompted new ways of thinking
Scholars/philosophers reevaluate old beliefs
Use the scientific method to gain insights into the underlying beliefs regarding government, religion, economics, and education
Prompted a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems – The Enlightenment

19. “What is Enlightenment?” – Immanuel Kant
Read the excerpt provided.
How does Kant define “enlightenment”?
How does his definition compare to other definitions of enlightenment we’ve used in our course?

20. What spread these ideas?
Books
Magazines
Art
Music
Salons – social gatherings
Word of mouth

21. Age of Reason Speed Dating
Select a figure to research. Use your instruction sheet as a guideline.
Prepare an information card to use as reference for tomorrow’s class.
Props & Costumes will be EXTRA CREDIT!
Participate in Speed Dating Simulation in class.