1. Cell Structures and their functions
The Cell Parts Chart

2. Cell Membrane Controls what enters and exits the cell.
Selectively permeable
Separates the cell from its environment
Made mainly of phospholipids

3. Cell Membrane

5. CELL WALL Provides shape and support.
Contains the carbohydrate cellulose in plants = rigidity, strength.
Found in all plant cells, most bacterial cells, most fungal cells, and most protists cells. NEVER in animal cells!

8. NUCLEUS
*Only found in eukaryotic cells *Controls all cell functions by maintaining the integrity of the DNA and by regulating gene expression.

11. NUCLEOLUS
* Produces ribosomes

13. NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS

14. CHROMATIN * DNA coiled around proteins in non-dividing cells.
Controls the cell by serving as a set of instructions for the production of proteins.
Referred to as chromosomes when a cell is dividing.

17. Cytoplasm
The area between the nucleus of the cell and the cell membrane.
Location of the cytoskeleton and all organelles

18. Cytosol (A.K.A Protoplasm)
Water-based jelly like filling inside of the cell membrane
serves as a location for many chemical reactions.
Part of the cytoplasm

19. MITOCHONDRIA (pl.) Mitochondrion (sing.)
* Sites of aerobic respiration = food molecules are broken down and most of the ATP energy is produced.

20. Mitochondrion

22. RIBOSOMES
Sites of Protein Synthesis = amino acids are linked to form a polypeptide chain which is then folded into a protein (in the rough E.R.)
Those floating freely in the cytoplasm with produce protein that will stay in the cell.

23. Ribosomes

25. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Produces proteins that will either leave the cell or be used in the cell membrane.
Checks to see if a polypeptide chain has the correct amino acid sequence
Folds polypeptide chains into a 3-D protein
Studded with ribosomes = Rough

26. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

27. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Involved in the synthesis of lipids and produces phospholipids for use in the cell membrane.
Lacks ribosomes

28. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

31. CYTOSKELETON
* A network of protein microtubules and microfilaments that moves materials around inside of the cell (intracellular transport) and also helps a cell to move.

32. CYTOSKELETON

33. CENTRIOLES In animals cells only
Move the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell during cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

34. CENTRIOLES

35. CENTRIOLES

36. GOLGI APPARATUS
Modifies (adds materials) and packages proteins (enzymes) (encloses the molecule in a membranous sac = vesicle) to be distributes inside and outside of the cell.
Produces lysosomes

37. Golgi Apparatus

39. LYSOSOMES
* Use digestive enzymes to break down worn out cell parts, food, and/or foreign particles.

40. Lysosomes

42. VACUOLES Storage sites for water, nutrients, and wastes.
May also assist with digestion and removal of excess water.

43. Vacuoles
The light blue structure are the vacuoles. .

45. Central Vacuole *Storage of water containing dissolved substances.
*In a plant cell
*Storage of water containing dissolved substances.
*Helps to maintain turgor pressure inside the cell which adds rigidity to the cell.

46. * Always green due to the light-capturing pigment chlorophyll.
CHLOROPLASTS
* Sites of photosynthesis = process that enables autotrophs to produce food in cells that exposed to the sun.
* Always green due to the light-capturing pigment chlorophyll.

49. CHROMOPLASTS
*Produce and store carotenoid pigments (orange, yellow, red) that color the organism.
Help to trap energy from the sun and pass it to the chloroplast for use during photosynthesis

50. Marigold Flower Petal Chromoplasts

51. Red Pepper Chromoplasts

52. Produce and Store starch
Amyloplasts
Produce and Store starch
Never pigmented.

54. Peroxisomes Contain digestive enzymes and hydrogen peroxide
Break down fatty acid and alcohol

56. Microtubules and Microfilaments
Part of the cytoskeleton
Connect to the cell membrane and to all organelles
Help to move the cell and the organelles inside of the cell