1. Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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2. Psychological Therapies
Module 33
Psychological Therapies

3. Module Overview Psychoanalysis Humanistic Therapies Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Family and Group Therapies
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

4. Psychotherapy
An interaction between a trained therapist and someone who is seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
There are over 250 different types of therapy.

5. Four Major Types of Psychotherapy
Most therapies can be divided into:
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Behavioral
Cognitive

6. Eclectic Approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the person’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
Uses whichever therapy works best for the problem the person has

7. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Psychoanalysis
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

8. Sigmund Freud ( )
Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind.

9. Psychoanalysis Freud’s theory of personality;
also, a therapeutic technique that attempts to provide insight into thoughts and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts.

10. Psychoanalysis: Psychoanalytic Assumptions
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

11. Psychoanalysis Assumptions
Psychological problems are the result of repressed conflicts and impulses from childhood.

12. Psychoanalysis Assumptions
The therapist must bring the repressed problems into the conscious mind to help patients have an insight about the original cause of the problem.

13. Psychoanalysis: Psychoanalytic Methods
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

14. Free Association
Freudian technique of discovering the unconscious mind--where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

15. Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
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16. Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of ideas of the meaning behind dreams, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight.
The analyst’s ideas of the meaning behind the patient’s dreams (latent content), resistance, and other behaviors

17. Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer of strong emotions (such as love or hatred) linked with other relationships to the analyst.
The patient projects feeling from the past to the therapist.

18. Problems with Psychoanalysis
Can important memories be repressed?
Psychoanalysis takes a long time and is very costly
Psychoanalysis does not allow for differing interpretations.

19. Psychoanalysis: The Psychodynamic Perspective
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

20. Psychoanalytic Influence
Few therapists follow strict Freudian therapy.
Heavily influenced other types of therapy (interpersonal therapy)
Modern approach is the psychodynamic perspective

21. Psychodynamic Approach
A more modern view that retains some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects other aspects
Retains the importance of the unconscious mind
Less emphasis on unresolved childhood conflicts

22. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

23. Nondirective Therapy
Therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight.

24. Carl Rogers ( )
Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy and
stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth.

25. Client-Centered Therapy
A humanist therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the client’s growth.
The therapy stresses:
Empathy
Acceptance
Genuineness

26. Active Listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies.

27. Active Listening Characteristics
Active listening entails:
Echoing/Reflecting feelings: mirrors the feelings of the client
Restating/Paraphrasing: uses the words of the client to summarize the conversation
Clarifying: encouraging the client to say more by asking leading questions

28. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

29. Behavior Therapy
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Uses both classical and operant conditioning
Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

30. Behavior Therapy
Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

31. Behavior Therapies: Classical Conditioning Techniques
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

32. Counterconditioning
A behavior therapy technique that teachers us to associate new responses to places or thing that have in the past triggered unwanted behaviors.

33. Systematic Desensitization
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Usually used to treat phobias

34. Systematic Desensitization Process
Establish a hierarchy of the anxiety- triggering stimuli
Learning relaxation methods (progressive relaxation)
Slowly think through the hierarchy, working to relax whenever anxiety is felt

35. Systematic Desensitization

36. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
JACK KEARSE/EMORT UNIVERSITY
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37. Aversive Conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
The person is replacing a positive but harmful response with a negative response
Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with a drug that makes the person becomes sick

38. Aversive Conditioning

39. Behavior Therapies: Operant Conditioning Techniques
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

40. Token Economy
An operant conditioning procedure that attempts to modify behavior by rewarding desired behavior with some small item.
The tokens can be exchanged for various privileges or treats
Form of secondary reinforcement

41. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

42. Cognitive Therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting.
Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

43. Cognitive Therapy
Almost half of all therapist at a university setting use cognitive therapies

44. Cognitive Therapy

45. Self-Serving Bias Tendency to judge oneself favorably
Severely depressed patients tend to not have a self-serving bias and tend to blame themselves for problems and credit the environment for successes
Optimistic explanatory style

46. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Integrated therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing inappropriate behaviors.

47. Family and Group Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

48. Group Therapy
Having a therapist work with a number of patients at one time
Groups usually consist of 6 to 10 people
Cognitive, behavior, and humanistic therapists all can lead group therapies.

49. Advantage of Group Therapy
Therapists can help more than one person at a time.
Overall session cost is lower.
Patients interact with others having the same problems as they have.
Builds a sense of community

50. Family Therapy
Therapy that views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other members of the family and
attempts to guide the family toward positive relationships and improved communication.
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51. Comparison of Psychotherapies