1. Learning Objectives I can construct and organize data into tables.
I can interpret & analyze the data found in tables.
I can construct and organize data into graphs.
I can interpret & analyze the data found in graphs.
I can explain how scientists use models and simulations.
I can use models & simulations to represent phenomena and systems.

2. Ohio New Learning Standards for Science
Ohio 8th Grade, Science Inquiry & Application #4 (8.SIA.4) – Analyze and interpret data.
Ohio 8th Grade, Science Inquiry & Application #5 (8.SIA.5) – Develop descriptions, models, explanations, and predictions.

3. Lesson Opener

4. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
How do scientists make sense of data?
- data is facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations & experimentation
- the more data collected by a scientist, the greater the need for the data to be placed into graphs & charts
Complete #5, pg.36

5. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data

6. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
- tables should always have rows and columns labeled, units of measure should be placed in the heading, and an appropriate title
What’s missing from this table?
Answer: Title!

7. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
- bar graphs and line graphs help to show trends over time and a comparison of data
- always display a title, label your units, and always label your x-axis and y-axis!
Complete #7 & 8, pg.37

8. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data

9. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
What do graphs show?
- graphs show trends, patterns, and compare data
- identifying the mean (average) also helps to represent data
What’s the mean of Jill’s scores?
482 ÷ 6 = 80.3%
Complete #9 & 10, pg.38

10. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data

11. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
How are graphs constructed?
Step 1: draw a vertical & horizontal axis
Step 2: write the category name on the horizontal (x) axis
Step 3: write an overall label for that axis as well
Step 4: label the vertical (y) axis with the name of the dependent variable & the units of measure
Step 5: create a scale along the axis by marking off equally spaced numbers that cover the range of data
Step 6: draw a horizontal solid line from each data point
Step 7: add an appropriate title to the graph

12. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
The correct way to construct a graph!
Complete #12, pg.39

13. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data

14. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
What types of models can be used to represent data?
- a model is a representation of an object or a process that allows scientists to study something in greater detail
- type of models are physical, mathematical, conceptual, and simulations

15. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
- physical models are 3D models that you can touch

16. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
- conceptual models are representations of how parts are related or organized
Milky Way Galaxy
Layers of the Earth

17. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
- mathematical models are made up of mathematical equations and data
Complete #16, pg.41 (colored pencils optional)

18. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data

19. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
What are some benefits & limitations of models?
- models are used to represent things that are too small or too large to see
- models allow scientists to do experiments without affecting or harming the subject of the study
- limitations are a lack of information, size, scale, different materials used, and difference in function than the object or system they represent

20. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
How do simulations represent data?
- a simulation uses a model to copy the function, behavior, or process of the thing it represents
- simulations can be 3D to study tsunamis or computer generated to study weather or earthquakes
Tsunami Simulator

21. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
- simulations can use models to imitate scientific phenomena like how earthquakes affect building materials!
- these simulations can then be used to help save human lives from natural disasters
Complete #19 & 20, pg.43

22. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data

23. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
Earthquake Simulations

24. Unit 1, Lesson 3 – Representing Data
Earthquake Simulation

25. Visual Summary

26. Exit Question
What is one limitation of a physical model?