1. Chapter 14 Study Guide

2. Which fault has rock above the fault surface moving upward relative to the rock below the fault surface?

3. Reverse

4. What type of force causes a reverse fault?

5. Compressive

6. The force that causes rocks on either side of a fault to slide past each other is __________.

7. Shear

8. What happens when rocks move over, under, or past each other along fault surfaces?

9. An earthquake

10. What type of force causes a normal fault to move?

11. Tension

12. What type of fault causes a strike-slip fault?

13. Shear

14. What instrument is used to measure earthquakes?

15. Seismograph

16. Which waves are responsible for most damage caused by earthquakes?

17. Surface Waves

18. When the elastic limit of rocks is passed, they begin the move along surfaces called ___________.

19. Fault

20. Which fault has rocks moving past each other with little vertical movement?

21. Strike-slip

22. Which fault has rock above the fault surface moving relative to the rock below the fault surface?

23. Normal

24. What are the layers of the Earth from the center?

25. Inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust

26. What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus?

27. Epicenter

28. The height of the lines traced on the paper record of a seismograph is a measure of the energy that is released, or the _________, of the earthquake.

29. Magnitude

30. Which waves move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion, and a side-to-side, swaying motion?

31. Surface waves

32. What moves through the Earth by causing particles in rocks to move at right angles to the direction of wave travel?

33. Secondary waves

34. Which layer of the Earth is the largest?

35. Mantle

36. What is the inner core made mostly of?

37. Iron

38. What is the point inside Earth where an earthquake’s energy first releases?

39. Focus

40. What is the boundary between the crust & upper mantle called?

41. Mohorovicic discontinuity, or Moho

42. If you are outdoors when an earthquake hits, what should you do?

43. Stay in the open. Get away from powerlines or anything that might fall on you. Stay away from building, chimneys, or other parts of buildings that could fall on you.

44. Structures built to resist damage from shaking of earthquakes are known as __________.

45. Seismic-safe structures

46. Ocean waves caused by earthquakes are called seismic sea waves, or _______.

47. Tsunamis

48. Scientists who study earthquakes & seismic waves are ___________.

49. Seismologists

50. Wet soil can be strong most of the time, but the shaking from an earthquake can cause it to act more like a liquid. This is called __________.

51. Liquefaction

52. _______ an earthquake, you can make your home as earthquake safe as possible by taking certain steps to prevent damage.

53. Before

54. If you are indoors when an earthquake hits, what should you do?

55. Move away from windows & objects that could fall on you
Move away from windows & objects that could fall on you. Seek shelter in a doorway or under a sturdy table or desk.

56. The Richter scale has no _______________.

57. Upper limit

58. What is used to describe the strength of an earthquake & is based on the height of the lines on the seismogram?

59. Righter magnitude scale

60. Earthquakes can also be describe by the amount of _____________.

61. Damage they cause

62. After an earthquake hits you should,

63. Check any gas or water lines for damage, and be careful of damaged areas because it could contain broken glass.

64. What describes the intensity of an earthquake using the amount of structural & geologic damage in a specific location?

65. Modified Mercalli intensity scale

66. ____________ structures stand up to vibrations that occur during an earthquake.

67. seismic-safe

68. Most earthquake damage occurs when surface waves cause what to collapse?

69. Buildings, bridges, & roads

70. Scientists record thousands of earthquakes every day with magnitudes of less than ___________.

71. 3.0