1. FIRE SAFETY

2. Fire needs three elements to occur
FIRE SAFETY
HOW FIRES START
Fire needs three elements to occur
FUEL : Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas
OXYGEN : Fire needs an atmosphere with at least
16 percent oxygen
HEAT: Heat is the energy necessary to increase the
temperature of the fuel
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3. When this occurs a fire will start
FIRE SAFETY
CHEMICAL REACTION
A chain reaction occurs when the three elements are in a proper condition
FIRE
TRIANGLE
When this occurs a fire will start

4. FIRE SAFETY
FIRE
TRIANGLE
Take any of the elements away a fire will not occur or will be extinguished when already burning

5. How fires are classified
FIRE SAFETY
How fires are classified
CLASS A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood,
paper, cloth, rubber and some plastics.
CLASS B
Flammable or combustible liquids such as petrol, kerosene, paint and propane gases.
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6. FIRE SAFETY CLASS C CLASS D
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, power panels and power tools
CLASS D
Combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium and potassium. They may react violently with water and must be handled with care

7. How to prevent fire FIRE SAFETY Class A — Ordinary combustibles:
Keep storage and working areas free of trash. Place oily rags in covered containers
Class B — Flammable liquids or gases:
Don't refuel petrol-powered equipment while it's hot.
Pour from storage drums only what you'll need.
Don’t use plastic containers for storage.
Store flammable liquids away from spark-producing sources.
Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas.

8. FIRE SAFETY Class C — Electrical equipment:
Look for old wiring, worn insulation and broken electrical fittings. Report any hazardous condition to your supervisor.
Prevent motors from overheating by keeping them clean and in good working order. A spark from a rough-running motor can ignite the oil and dust in it.
Don't misuse fuses. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit.
Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.

9. FIRE SAFETY Class D — Flammable metals:
Pure metals such as potassium and sodium react violently (even explosively) with water and some other chemicals, and must be handled with care.
Generally these metals are stored in sealed containers in a non-reactive liquid to prevent decay (surface oxidation) from contact with air. 

10. When NOT to fight a fire Never fight a fire: FIRE SAFETY
If the fire is spreading beyond the spot where it started 
If you can't fight the fire with your back to an escape exit
If the fire can block your only escape
If you don't have adequate fire-fighting equipment

11. DON'T FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF.
FIRE SAFETY
When NOT to fight a fire
In any of the previous situations:
DON'T FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF.
CALL FOR HELP

12. How to extinguish small fires
FIRE SAFETY
How to extinguish small fires
Class A
Extinguish ordinary combustibles by cooling the material below its ignition temperature and soaking the fibers to prevent re-ignition.
Use pressurized water, foam or multi-purpose(ABC-rated) dry chemical extinguishers. DO NOT USE carbon dioxide or ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical extinguishers on Class A fires.

13. How to extinguish small fires
FIRE SAFETY
How to extinguish small fires
Class B
Extinguish flammable liquids, greases or gases by removing the oxygen, preventing the vapors from reaching the ignition source or inhibiting the chemical chain reaction.
Foam, carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical, multi-purpose dry chemical, and halon extinguishers may be used to fight Class B fires.
Halon extinguishers are being replaced as they are harmful to the atmosphere

14. How to extinguish small fires
FIRE SAFETY
How to extinguish small fires
Class C
Extinguish energized electrical equipment by using an extinguishing agent that is not capable of conducting electrical currents.
Carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical, multi-purpose dry chemical and halon fire extinguishers may be used to fight Class C fires.
DO NOT USE water extinguishers on energized electrical equipment.

15. How to extinguish small fires
FIRE SAFETY
How to extinguish small fires
Class B
Extinguish combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium with dry powder extinguishing agents specially designated for the material involved.
In most cases, they absorb the heat from the material, cooling it below its ignition temperature

16. Please note: FIRE SAFETY
Multipurpose (ABC-rated) chemical extinguishers leave a residue that can harm sensitive equipment, such as computers and other electronic equipment. Because of this, carbon dioxide extinguishers are preferred in these instances because they leave very little residue.
ABC dry powder residue is mildly corrosive to many metals. For example, residue left over from the use of an ABC dry powder extinguisher in the same room with metal furniture can seriously corrode all components.

17. What fire extinguisher to use
FIRE SAFETY
What fire extinguisher to use
Dry chemical (Red/White band)
Foam Extinguishers (Blue)
Carbon Dioxide (Red/Black band)
Water (Red only)

18. How to identify the proper fire extinguisher
FIRE SAFETY
How to identify the proper fire extinguisher
All ratings are shows on the extinguisher faceplate.
Some extinguishers are marked with multiple ratings such as AB, BC and ABC.
These extinguishers are capable of putting out more than one class of fire.
Class A and B extinguishers carry a numerical rating that indicates how large a fire can safely put out with that extinguisher.
Class C extinguishers have only a letter rating to indicate that the extinguishing agent will not conduct electrical current.

19. A - Aim at the base of fire S - Squeeze the trigger
FIRE SAFETY
How to use a fire extinguisher
P - Pull the pin
A - Aim at the base of fire
S - Squeeze the trigger
S - Sweep from side to side

20. FIRE SAFETY
How to approach a fire:
Walk slowly, don’t run
Look for obstructions, especially at floor level
If the fire is out, leave by slowly walking backwards, look for any flare ups
Have a new extinguisher ready in case the fire starts again

21. Should your path of escape be threatened
FIRE SAFETY
Remember
Should your path of escape be threatened
Should the extinguisher run out
Should the extinguisher be defective
Should you no longer be able to safely
fight the fire

22. FIRE SAFETY
LEAVE IMMEDIATELY

23. Evacuation: FIRE SAFETY
Know the escape routes of the building you are working in.
Know the evacuation procedures and place of assembly.
Never fight the fire unless you know how to use a fire extinguisher and are familiar with the building outlay.

24. How to evacuate: FIRE SAFETY
When you hear the Emergency Alarm vacate the building IMMEDIATELY
Proceed to the exit as shown on the Emergency Action Plan 
Walk; DO NOT RUN
Stay calm; DO NOT PANIC

25. Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases
FIRE SAFETY
Shout: FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!
Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases
Crawl if necessary, the best air is close to the floor
Do NOT lock doors or exits

26. FIRE SAFETY
Move to the allocated Evacuation Point and report to the Fire Warden
Stay at the evacuation point until the Warden gives permission to leave 
Do not re-enter the building after the fire until the ALL CLEAR has been given

27. GRAP A BLANKET OR RUG AND WRAP AROUND THE PERSON TO SMOTHER THE FLAMES
FIRE SAFETY
What to do if someone is on fire
If you should catch on fire:
STOP - where you are
DROP to the floor
ROLL around the floor
If another person is on fire, yell out the above instructions.
GRAP A BLANKET OR RUG AND WRAP AROUND
THE PERSON TO SMOTHER THE FLAMES

28. ALWAYS REMEMBER
SAFETY FIRST
DO NOT BECOME THE NEXT VICTIM