1. Readings for This Week 미국 정부와 정치_2장_연방헌법 미국 헌법 영문 Reading
p 만 읽어도 무방함
CNN GOP 2nd Presidential Debate
Who’s visiting the US this week?
Xi vs. Pope

2. Achieving Balance I
A two-year term for the House
a compromise between the annual elections advocated
by many delegates and the three-year term proposed by
James Madison
 A short tenure would keep this chamber close to the people
A longer-term and “staggered elections” for the Senate
The Senate insulated from momentary shifts in the
public mood by virtue of a longer term, in addition to
their selection by state legislatures
Another compromise on bills raising revenue

3. Achieving Balance II “Advice and consent power” by the U.S. Senate
To a degree, the Framers envisioned the Senate acting as
an advisory council to the president.
Framers’ belief that the more “aristocratic” and insulated of
the two houses would keep a steadier eye on the country’s
long-term interests.
"Why did you pour that coffee into your saucer?" asked
Washington. "To cool it," said Jefferson. "Even so," responded
Washington, "we pour legislation into the senatorial saucer
to cool it.“
Now, also polarized politics in the Senate!

4. Achieving Balance III Finally, the president was used as a means
to further the balance of power by giving the executive
branch the authority to:
Recommend (not introduce) new laws
(What about “Obama’s American Jobs Bill”?)
Call Congress into special session
Most importantly, the power to veto laws passed by Congress, killing them unless two-thirds of each chamber votes to override the veto
“veto threat” vs. “veto”: what’s more effective?

6. How to understand American political history? Three Approaches
I. “Modern Presidency” approach
Tradition vs. Modern (dichotomous)
1932 election of FDR
II. “Critical elections” approach
“Not every election is equal.”
Critical elections of 1800, 1828, 1860, 1896, 1932, 1980
III. “Political Time Presidency” approach
Periodicity and pattern
Presidents’ situation related to political regime

7. I. Modern Presidency Approach http://www. biography
Traditional presidency
Passive presidents
Congressional dominance
Party dominance
President didn’t travel
Restrained relationship to public
Small government
No staff
US NOT a world power
Modern presidency
since FDR in 1932)
Active presidents
Dominance over Congress
Weak party
President travels a lot
Strong claim to relationship with public (“going public” strategy)
Large government
Large White House Staff
US a world power