1. By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
ROMANTICISM:
Emotions!
Passion!
Irrationality
By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Congress of Vienna
The Age of Metternich-
3 goals
Conservatism- Why?

3. The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)
A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.
Early support of the French Revolution.
Rise of the individual  alienation.
Dehumanization of industrialization.
Radical poetics / politics  an obsession with violent change.

4. Compare and contrast Enlightenment and Romantic views of nature, with reference to specific individuals and their works.

5. ENLIGHTENMENT ROMANTICISM
State of nature
All men are born alike
Created equal
Nurture not nature
All men are born unique
Born different
Nature not nurture
Morals
Amoral
Not innate knowledge
Locke: blank slate
Virtuous
Instincts
Education
Education is important
Teach each other
Education should lay out choices
Let child choose
Change
Artificial change
Take out old, put in new
Organic
Continual change and growth
Anti-social behavior
Anti-social behavior because people have not been taught right/wrong
Lack of self-control
Leave people to themselves so that they
can be healthy
Their hearts are pure
Anti-social behavior because of societal pressures (schools, parents, etc.)
Freedom
Freedom should be limited
“Don’t cry ‘Fire’ in a crowded movie theater”
Freedom should not be limited
Rulers
Rule by an educated elite
Rule by the masses because they know themselves
Voting
Voters should read and become informed before they vote
Vote what is best for themselves
Voters should follow their instincts
Vote quickly
The vote will be the best for all
If you ask one person, you’ll know what everyone would want

6. A Growing Distrust of Reason
Early 19c
Enlightenment
Romanticism
Society is good, curbing violent impulses!
Civilization corrupts!
-Rousseau
The essence of human experience is subjective and emotional.
Human knowledge is a puny thing compared to other great historical forces.
“Individual rights” are dangerous efforts at selfishness  the community is more important.

7. The Romantic Movement Began in the 1790s and peaked in the 1820s.
Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain and Germany.
A reaction against classicism.
The “Romantic Hero:”
Greatest example was Lord Byron
Tremendously popular among the European reading public.
Youth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness.

8. Philosophical forerunners of Romanticism
1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( ): most important (Social Contract, 1762); believed society and materialism corrupted human nature
• Believed man was a “noble savage” in a state of nature

9. George William Friedreich Hegel (1770-1831)
Dialectic -- initial idea (thesis) is challenged by an opposing view (anti-thesis) and results in a hybrid of the two ideas (synthesis)

10. Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814)
a. In Addresses to the German Nation (1806) he developed a romantic nationalism that saw Germans as superior over other peoples.
b. Strongly anti-Semitic

11. Romanticism Emotion over reason
Emphasized the human senses, passion, and faith
Glorification of nature; emphasized its beauty and tempestuousness
Rejected the Enlightenment view of nature as a precise harmonious whole as well as deism.
Rejected Enlightenment view of the past which was counter-progressive to human history

12. Encouraged personal freedom and flexibility By emphasizing feeling, humanitarian movements were created to fight slavery, poverty and industrial evils. In some cases, drew upon ideals of the Middle Ages (gothic) Honor, faith and chivalry

13. Characteristics of Romanticism Copy this in your notebook
Examples
Emotions
Emotion over reason
-Emphasized the human senses, passion, and faith
The "Rugged" Individual
The Individual/ The Dreamer:
-Individuals have unique, endless potential.
The Power & Fury of Nature
Glorification of nature; emphasized its beauty and tempestuousness
-Rejected the Enlightenment view of nature as a precise harmonious whole as well as deism.
-Overwhelming power of nature.
Science Can Be Dangerous!

14. Honor, faith and chivalry
Characteristics of Romanticism
Examples
The "New" Technology Is Dehumanizing
By emphasizing feeling, humanitarian movements were created to fight slavery, poverty and industrial evils.
The Gothic: "Romanticizing "the Middle Ages
Honor, faith and chivalry
Mysticism
- Dreams, hallucinations, sleepwalking, and other phenomena that suggested the existence of a world beyond that of empirical observation, sensory data, and discursive reasoning fascinated the Romantics

15. Return to Christian Nationalism
- glorification of both the individual person and individual cultures.
- all cultures are valuable because each contributes to the necessary clash of values and ideas that allows humankind to develop
Return to Christian
- Methodist preachers emphasized the role of enthusiastic, emotional experience as part of Christian conversion.

16. Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818

17. The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice) Caspar David Friedrich, 1821

18. The Raft of the Medusa Théodore Géricault, 1819

19. The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin

20. Dr. Frankenstein’s Adam & Eve??

21. Rain, Steam, and Speed Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1844

22. Rain, Steam, & Speed (details)

23. The Slave Ship Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1842

24. The Slave Ship (details)

25. Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

26. The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821

27. Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground John Constable, 1825

28. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831

29. British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865

30. Neuschwanstein

31. Cloister Cemetery in the Snow Caspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819

32. Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya, 1819-1823

33. Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi Eugène Delacroix, 1827

34. Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830

35. Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacoix, himself

36. The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815

37. God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794

38. Romanticism in Literature
The world is too much with us” by William Wordsworth
The World is too much with us; late and soon,   
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers:   
Little we see in Nature that is ours; 
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! 
…we are out of tune    

39. The Great Age of the Novel
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819)
Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)

40. The Great Age of the Novel
Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)

41. Other Romantic Writers
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm Grimm’s Fairy Tales ( )
- Defined German culture- Nationalism
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Faust ( )
Faust sells his soul to the devil for all knowledge-

42. The Romantic Poets Percy Byssche Shelley Lord Byron (George Gordon)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
John Keats
William Blake

43. George Gordon’s (Lord Byron) Poem
The Prisoner of Chillon

44. Music
Music (c )
1. Romantic music places a strong connection with emotion as well as nationalism (which is conveyed through the use of national folk songs)

45. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1826)
Transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras
One of the first composers to covey inner human emotion through music
Epitomized the genius who was not constrained by patronage (as were virtually all of his predecessors)
Many of his later works were written when he was deaf
First composer to incorporate vocal music in a symphony by using the text to one of Schiller’s poems (“Ode to Joy”) in the last movement of his 9th Symphony.

46. Franz Schubert ( )
Frédéric Chopin ( ):
Richard Wagner ( ),
German nationalist composer who strongly emphasized Germanic myths and legends (Anti-Semitic)
Peter Tchaikovsky ( )
1812 Overture (1882)

47. Romanticism:
The Great
Paradox

48. The Political Implications
Romanticism could reinforce the greatest themes of political liberalism or political conservatism.
Contributed to growing nationalist movements.
The concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeist.
The uniqueness of cultures was emphasized.