1. Статус проекта БЕККЕРЕЛЬ и планы
П. И. Зарубин

5. 12С→3α
(4.5A ГэВ/c 6Li)→α+d

12. 2.76A GeV 6He

13. 4100 Inelastic Interactions
22Ne 3.22A GeV
4100 Inelastic Interactions

14. 3.65A GeV 20Ne → 5α
8Be

15. Q’=(M*-M)/A
Among 4100 events it was found 3 "white" stars 22Ne → 5α. Of them, in 2 "golden" events the α particle tracks are contained even within a 1o cone. For these two events the value of Q' is estimated to be as low as keV per nucleon. The detection of such "ultracold" 5α states is a serious argument in favor of the reality of the phase transition of α clusterized nuclei to the dilute Bose gas of α particles. It gives a special motivation to explore lighter nα systems as potential "building blocks" of the dilute α particle Bose gas.

16. 10.7 A GeV Au

18. SPT: 2.76A GeV 3H→3Не

20. 2He + H (6 MeV) - 73% Li + He (4.5 MeV) - 12% 9Be + p (6.6 MeV) - 2%
1A GeV 10B
2He + H (6 MeV) - 73% Li + He (4.5 MeV) - 12% 9Be + p (6.6 MeV) - 2%
Peripheral dissociation of 10B and 11B nuclei is studied. In both cases it points to a leading role of three-body channels 2He + H.
Deuteron clustering is established for or the coherent dissociation of 10B and the nuclei 11B – triton one.
For the first time the events of coherent charge exchange of 11B → 7Be + 4He are observed in the absence of events in the three-body channel indicating the sensitivity of the relativistic dissociation to structural characteristics of mirror nuclei.

21. 1.0 A ГэВ 10B→23Не+4Не

22. Fragment separation scheme:3v f5
VP-1 f4
Fragment separation scheme:
beam line layout
VP-1 f3
Target: 5-8 g/cm2, polyeth.
Extracted
beams: 12C, 10B, 7Li

24. 1.2A GeV 7Be 4He + 3He 3He + 3He 4He + 2p 4He + d + p 3He + 2p
3He + t + p
3p + d
2d + 2p
6Li + p
nh = 0 30 11 13 10 9 8 1 2 -
nh > 0 7 5 3
The coherent dissociation of 7Be nuclei is mainly attributable to two-cluster structure 3He + 4He.
3He clusters contribution is twice of the 4He one, indicating the strong manifestation of 3He clustering in relativistic processes.
This type of clustering is most pronounced in channel 4He + 3He in coherent dissociation of 7Be nuclei, not accompanied by the emission of neutrons

25. 1.2A GeV 9Be “white” star star with target proton like recoil
Star with heavy fragment of target nucleus (b-particle)

26. 81% of the events on the value of opening angle Θ form two roughly equal groups - “narrow” α-pairs 0 < Θn(arrow) < 10 mrad and “wide” ones 15 < Θw (ide) < 45 mrad

27. 0+, 8Be(92 кeV, 5.6 eV)
2+, 8Be(2.9 MeV, 1. 5 MeV)
72% of the events of fragmentation 9Be → 2α, proceed through intermediate states 0+ and 2+ of 8Be nucleus. A two-peak structure in the distribution of opening angles Θ arises due to this circumstance.

28. 9Be 3/2- 8Be 2+ Lγ=2 ? 8Be 0+  (PTsum) = (75  9) MeV/c

29. Θ, mrad <Θ>, mrad σΘ, mrad Fraction (Events) Θn (0 - 10.5)
4.4 ± 0.2
2.1 ± 0.2
0.56 ± 0.04 (164)
Θw (15.0 – 45.0)
27.0 ± 0.6
5.9 ± 0.6
0.44 ± 0.04 (130)
Fractions of events Θn and Θw demonstrate compliance with weights 0+ and 2+ states of a 8Be core, adopted in the two-body model, ω0+ = and ω2+ = [1,2]. They indicate the presence of these states as components of the ground state of the 9Be nucleus.
1. Y. L. Parfenova and Ch. Leclercq-Willain, «Hyperfine anomaly in Be isotopes and neutron spatial distribution: A three-cluster model for 9Be», Phys. Rev. C 72, (2005).
2. Y. L. Parfenova and Ch. Leclercq-Willain, «Hyperfine anomaly in Be isotopes in the cluster model and the neutron spatial distribution», Phys. Rev. C 72, (2005) ).

30. 2А GeV 14N

32. 1.2A GeV 8B

33. PT (7Li), GeV/c

34. 8B → 7Be + p

35. COHERENT DISSOCIATION OF RELATIVISTIC 9C NUCLEI
The contribution of the dissociation channel 9С → 8B + p and 9C → 7Be + 2p is most important in events that do not involve the production of target-nucleus fragments or mesons (“white” stars). It can be concluded that in the peripheral 9C dissociation the picture hitherto obtained for 8B and 7Be with the addition of one or two protons, respectively, is reproduced. The dissociation events 9C → 33He accompanied by neither target fragments of the nucleus target nor charged mesons are observed.
8B + p
7Be + 2p
2He + 2H
He + 4H 6H
6Li + 3p
33He 15 16 24 28 6 2

36. EXPOSURE OF NUCLEAR TRACK EMULSION IN
THE MIXED BEAM OF RELATIVISTIC NUCLEI 12N – 10С – 7Ве
Nuclear track emulsion exposed to a mixed beam of relativistic nuclei 12N, 10С and 7Ве which was formed in the charge exchange and fragmentation reactions of the primary nuclei 12С with momentum 2A GeV/c accelerated at the JINR Nuclotron.
Projectile nucleus and secondary fragment charges are identified for the most peripheral collisions which occur without the production of target nucleus fragments and charged mesons. These data indicate the dominance of 10C beam nuclei and the presence of 12N ones.
«White» star statistics
11С + p
8B + 2H
7Be + 3H
2He + 2H
He + 4H
8B + H
7Be + He
7Be + 2H 1 3 7 91 14 5

37. 10С

39. The presented observations serve as an illustration of prospects of the Nuclotron for nuclear physics and astrophysics researches. The relativistic energy scale does not impede investigations of nuclear interactions down to energy scale relevant for nuclear astrophysics, but on the contrary gives advantages for investigation of multi-particle systems.
Due to a record space resolution the emulsion technique provides unique entirety in studying of light nuclei, especially, neutron-deficient ones. Providing the 3D observation of narrow dissociation vertices this classical technique gives novel possibilities of moving toward more and more complicated nuclear systems. Therefore this technique deserves upgrade, without changes in its detection basics, with the aim to speed up the microscope scanning for rather rare events of peripheral dissociation.
The results of an exclusive study of the interactions of relativistic 9Be and 8B nuclei lead to the conclusion that the known features of their structure are clearly manifested in very peripheral dissociations.
The investigations with light nuclei provide a basis for challenging studies of increasingly complicated systems He – H - n produced via complete fragmentation of heaviest relativistic nuclei.

40. Hammer tracks in
cosmic ray events:
8Be produced in
β-delayed decay of
stopped 8B and 8Li

42. 12B 20 ms
12Be 23 ms
10Be y
11Be 13.8 s
8Li 838 ms
9Li 178 ms 0+
11Li 8.5 ms 0+
8He 119 ms
6He 807 ms