1. Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry
Section 9.1 Carbon Compounds

2. Organic Compounds Contains Carbon and Hydrogen Over 90% of all Known Compounds

3. Did you know Carbon has 4 valence electrons
Did you know Carbon has 4 valence electrons? How many bonds can one carbon atom form?

4. Double Bonds or a Triple Bond
Carbon Can also Form
Double Bonds or a Triple Bond

6. Diamonds Hardest Substance (Rigid, Compact, and Strong)
Composed of Network of Covalent bonds

7. Graphite Soft and slippery Arranged in layers
Used in lubricating machinery and pencils

8. Fullerenes Large, hollow spheres Found in meteorites
“Bucky Balls” or C60 is an arrangement of alternating hexagons and pentagons- like a soccer ball

10. Saturated Hydrocarbons = Alkanes Straight chains only single bonds
Methane H
H- C- H
Propane
H H H
H-C-C-C-H
H H H
Octane
H H H H H H H H
H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H

11. More Alkanes
Branched
Isomers- have same chemical formula but different arrangements
Isomers have different chemical and physical properties
Rings
Carbons are joined into a ring shape
Can also have same chemical formula as the straight chain or branched chain
Example: butane, isobutane, and cyclobutane

12. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Contains one or more double or triple bonds
Alkenes- Double bond, “-ene” ending
Alkynes- Triple bond, “-yne” ending, most reactive hydrocarbon
Aromatics- Unsaturated ring structure, many have strong aromas or odors

14. Fossil Fuels Coal- solid, 300 mya, formed in swamps
Natural gas- formed from marine organisms, mostly methane, but also ethane, propane, butane.
Petroleum- also formed from marine organisms, “crude oil”, complex mixture of hydrocarbons, separated into fractions like gasoline and heating oil

15. Combustion of fossil fuels
Incomplete Combustion
2C3H8+7O2→6CO+8H2O
Complete Combustion
C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O

16. ACID Rain Normal Rain slightly acidic pH 5.6
Acid Rain has pH as low as 2.7

17. 9.2 Substituted Hydrocarbons

18. 3 Functional Groups
Alcohol- Contains –OH “hydroxyl group”, ends in “-ol”
Organic Acid- Contains –COOH “carboxyl group” and end in “–oic”
Organic Base- Contains –NH2 “amine”
Esters- Organic acid + Alcohol = -COOC , produces odors in flowers and processed food