1. Essential Question
How can you predict an element’s properties by its placement on the periodic table?

2. Atom
The atom has electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths called orbitals.
*This is an outdated model, but very useful for teaching chemistry*

3. Nails Bohr’s Planet model of Atoms
These orbits are referred to as energy levels 1 2 3

4. Table Development
1869 Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev organized known elements by atomic mass
He noticed that at regular intervals the chemical properties of elements repeated. So, He placed elements with similar properties in the same column.

5. Table Development
Henry Moseley developed the modern periodic table arranging the elements by Atomic Number
Elements with similar chemical properties are in the same column

6. Modern Table
Elements are arranged by atomic number

7. Modern Table
Horizontal rows are PERIODS 1 2 3 4 5 6

8. Modern Table Vertical Columns are GROUPS 1 17 18 2 13 14 15 16 3 4 5 69 10 11 12

9. All Very Reactive Metals
Table Properties
Elements Found in the Same Group Have Very Similar Chemical Properties
All Very Reactive Metals

10. Electron Configuration
Outermost electrons are called valence electrons. The # of valence electrons determines chemical properties
Elements in a group have the same number of valence e- Be
2-2 Mg
2-8-2 Ca Sr Ba Ra

11. Practice
Draw the electron configuration for carbon, iron, and potassium

12. Extremely Un-Reactive Metal Extremely reactive Metal
Table Properties
Elements in the Same Period do not have similar chemical properties.
Extremely Un-Reactive Metal
Liquid
Metal
Extremely reactive Metal
Very Un-Reactive Gas

13. Topic 2: Metals & Non-Metals
Periodic Table
Topic 2:
Metals & Non-Metals

14. Metals and Non-Metals Most of the 114 known elements are Metals.
Less than 20 of all the elements are considered Non-Metals.
About 7 elements are considered SemiMetals or Metalloids.

16. Metal Properties Good Conductors of Electricity Metals Have Luster
Solid at room Temp (except for Hg)
Are Malleable (shapeable)
Are Ductile (made into wire)

17. Non-Metal Properties Non-Metals do not conduct Electricity
Non-Metals are Brittle
Can be a Gas at Room Temp
Have No Luster

18. Semimetals Semimetals may have luster.
Semimetals may conduct electricity.
Semimetals may be shaped.

19. Practice
Label Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

21. Activity: How metallic or non-metallic is an element?
Most ACTIVE Non-Metal
Most ACTIVE Metal

22. Stable electron configuration
For stability, atoms need 8 (or 0) valence electrons
This is why atoms become ions

23. # of electrons Metals are electron losers
Non-metals are electron gainers

24. Periodic Table
Topic 3:
Special Groups

25. Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals
Never found in nature due to their high reactivity, only as compounds.
Francium is the most reactive metal there is.
Alkali Metals

26. The Halogens
Halogens
Group 17

27. The Nobel Gases
Will not react with any other elements due to Stable valence electron configuration.
Eight valence electrons is called a STABLE OCTET, all elements try to achieve this electron configuration.

28. The Transition Metals
Transition Metals

29. Transition Metals All metals in the middle of the table.
Not reactive under most conditions.
Are reactive at high temperatures (oxidize)