1. Today’s goals- unit 2 grammar
Review concepts from unit 1 grammar
Introduce strategies for formal writing
Discuss compound and complex sentence structures

2. Class discussion- unit 1 grammar
What were the most important concepts you learned in the unit 1 grammar class?
What were the types of verb phrases we discussed? How can we identify them?
Verbs in English must agree with what two parts of the sentence?
What is the difference between global and local revisions? When are they used?

3. Class discussion- formality in writing
Why/when do we need to be formal in our writing?
How might formal language/strategies be different between these three different genres: a peer reviewed research report, a persuasive essay, a podcast, and a business letter?
What are strategies for making your writing more formal?

4. Formality in writing Formality is gradable
You may need to be more or less formal in a particular context
To determine level of formality, consider rhetorical context:
What is my purpose?
Who is my audience?
What are the expectations of this genre?

5. Formality in writing General formal writing strategies
Make your writing clear, structured, and detailed
Avoid 1st and 2nd person
Use titles where appropriate
Use complex and discipline specific language
Avoid figurative language and idioms
Edit thoroughly
Use passive voice for maximum objectivity (particularly in research writing)
Avoid absolutes/use qualifiers
Avoid contractions (in very formal writing)
Follow prescriptive grammar rules (covered in ENC1101)

6. Formality in writing Make your writing clear, structured, and detailed
Keep writing focused on your thesis
Avoid ambiguous pronoun usage (particularly in your thesis)
Have clear transitions and forecasting
Use details and examples to illustrate and support your points
Avoid 1st and 2nd person
“I think the government should intervene to stop global warming”
“After reviewing this evidence, you will feel compelled to increase gun laws”

7. Formality in writing Use titles where appropriate
Very important in business and academic contexts
Address others, particularly superiors, with the titles of their position or credentials
Avoid colloquial address terms (bro, girl, dude, etc)
Sir, miss, or ma’am may be used where necessary
Avoid figurative language and idioms
“Research like this is a dime a dozen”

8. Formality in writing
Use passive voice for maximum objectivity (in research writing)
“I performed the experiment” vs.
“The experiment was performed”
Avoid contractions (in very formal writing)
Avoid absolutes/use qualifiers
“The government must provide healthcare to all of its citizens”
“The study showed that playing video games will increase aggressive behavior”

9. Class discussion- sentence structures
How much of sentence structure and punctuation have you discussed in your EGL courses?
What are the necessary elements in an English sentence?
What is the difference between a compound sentence and a complex sentence?

10. Common Sentence Structures
Compound sentences: have more than one independent clause
Independent clause, (coordinating conjunction) independent clause
Independent clause; independent clause
Complex sentences: have an independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses
Independent clause (subordinate conjunction) dependent clause
(Subordinate conjunction) Dependent clause, independent clause
Note: it is possible to have sentences that are compound as well as complex

11. Examples
Where would we add commas here to separate dependent and independent clauses? Are these sentences compound, complex, or both?
I have never been to Australia but I have always wanted to go
Because I was always so stubborn I couldn’t admit defeat
We won’t have more paper until I go to the store
The scientist wasn’t sure about his theory and it showed in his presentation
Although I have always wanted to play basketball I am probably too short

12. conjunctions Coordinate conjunctions Subordinate conjunctions
Remember: FAN BOYS
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So
Because
Although
After
Before
While
Though
Unless
Until
(and many others)

13. Common Comma Usage Separate clauses (may require a conjunction)
List items in a series
Offset quotations
Offset Introductory element
Show non-restrictive elements

14. Items in a series A and B A, B, and/or C A, B (for adjectives)
Examples:
I bought a soda hamburger and fries from McDonalds
I went to the store mailed my bills and walked the dog
I have never seen such a colorful elegant dress before
Jason brought cups and napkins to the party

15. Nonrestrictive Elements
Where would it be necessary to add commas to show nonrestrictive elements here?
Her stepfather whom she disliked intensely was a deadbeat
The three police officers who had just finished eating donuts arrived at the scene of the crime

16. Group activity- unit 2 grammar
In your unit 2 groups
Read through the Unit 2 Worksheet, edit any mistakes you find, and answer the questions as directed

17. homework Historical Marker Presentations Begin on Tuesday
Should be 2-5 minutes long
Should include the full version of your marker
Should have visual aids to help your classmates better understand your location
Will be evaluated by your classmates