1. Disorders of Water and Ions Metabolism
General Pathology – Seminar
Disorders of Water and Ions Metabolism
Jaroslava Dušková
Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague

2. Body Fluids intracellular extracellular intravascular extravascular
TBW …total body water
intravascular
extravascular

3. Normal Water Gains & Losses [~ ml]
Daily Intake
Drinking
Food
Oxidation
Total
Daily Otput
Urine
Stool
Skin
Lungs
Total

4. Intracellular Edema
energy (ATP) deficiency statuses – hydropic degeneration – vacuolar dystrophy
Na+/K+ dysbalances (hyperaldosteronism)
hypokalaemia in severe diarrhoea
hyperhydration - water intoxication (infusions!)

5. Starling´s Hypothesis
Net filtration =
Forces favoring filtration
– Forces opposing filtration
Forces favoring filtration: capillary hydrostatic preassure intersticial oncotic pressure
Forces opposing filtration: plasma oncotic pressure tissue hydrostatic pressure

6. Edema
Def.:
accumulation of fluid in the intersticial spaces

7. Causes & Types of Edema Extent: generalized, localized
increased hydrostatic pressure - cardiac
decreased oncotic pressure –hypalbuminotic
blocked lymphatics – lymphostatic
neuromediators - allergic
Extent: generalized, localized

8. Thrombosis intravital intravascular blood clotting Def.: Range:
parietal
obturative

9. Types of Thrombi
red stagnation
white fluxe
mixed
hyaline

10. thrombosis rheumatis scurvy cholelithiasis appendicitis RES
Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und zur allgemeinen Pathologie
Beiträge zur Thrombosenfrage
Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff
, German