1. manner of articulation
Consonants
manner of articulation

2. Consonants manner of articulation
As well as indicating the place of articulation, it is also necessary to determine the nature and extent of the obstruction involved.
The type of obstruction is known as the manner of articulation.

3. Consonants manner of articulation
. An example of this can be found by looking at the following words:
nine
dine
line

4. Consonants manner of articulation
They all begin with voiced, alveolar consonants. Yet, they are all clearly different in both sound and meaning. The kinds of constriction made by the articulators are what make up this further dimension of classification.

5. Consonants manner of articulation
There are two kinds of constriction that often occur in English:
plosive
fricative
And, there are other less common constrictions:
nasal
lateral
affricate

6. Consonants manner of articulation
Plosive
Plosive sounds are made by forming a complete obstruction to the flow of air through the mouth and nose. The first stage is that a closure occurs. Then the flow of air builds up and finally the closure is released, making an explosion of air that causes a sharp noise. It should be noted that a plosive cannot be prolonged or maintained. Once the air has been released, the sound has escaped.
The plosive sounds in RP are: /p/ /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/.

7. Consonants manner of articulation
Fricative
A fricative is the type of consonant that is formed by forcing air through a narrow gap so that a hissing sound is created. Typically, air is forced between the tongue and the place of articulation for the particular sound. It is possible to maintain a fricative sound for as long as your breath holds out. This is very different from a plosive sound fricatives sound include the /f/ in find, /v/ in van, the /s/ in sin, the /h/ in hat, the /th/ in that and thin, the /z/ in zoo and the /g/ sound in genre.

8. Consonants manner of articulation
Nasal
A nasal consonant is a consonant in which air escapes only through the nose. For this to happen, the soft palate is lowered to allow air to pass it, whilst a closure is made in the oral cavity to stop air escaping through the mouth. There are three nasal sounds in English: the /m/ in mat, the/n/ in nasal and the /ng/ in sing.

9. Consonants manner of articulation
Lateral
To produce a lateral, air is obstructed by the tongue at a point along the center of the mouth but the sides of the tongue are left low so that air can escape over its sides. /l/ is the clearest example of a lateral sound in English. Both the clear and dark allophones of /l/ are lateral sounds.
When an alveolar plosive is followed by the lateral /l/, then what happens is that we simply lower the sides of the tongue to release the compressed air, rather than raising and lowering the blade of the tongue. If you say /bottle/ to yourself you can feel the sides of the tongue lower to let out the air.

10. Consonants manner of articulation
Affricate
An affricate is a plosive immediately followed by a fricative in the same place of articulation.
The /ch/ in chap and the /j/ in jeep are the two clear affricates in English. If you think about it, the /ch/ sound is made up from the plosive /t/ and the fricative /sh/ sounds. Likewise, the /j/ sound is made up from the plosive /d/ immediately followed by the fricative /zjs/ sound in genre.