1. Unit 3 Fricatives and Affricates
/f, v, s, z, F, V,W, T, h, r/
/tF, dV /

2. Learning Objectives What are fricatives and affricates?
How to discriminate and pronounce fricatives and affricates correctly?

3. Fricatives: // // // // /s/ // // // // /r/
/f/- voiceless labiodental fricative
/v/- voiced labiodental fricative
//- voiceless dental fricative
//- voiced dental fricative
/s/- voiceless alveolar fricatives
/z/- voiced alveolar fricative
//- voiceless post-alveolar fricative
//- voiced post-alveolar fricative
/h/- voiceless glottal fricative
/r/- voiced post-alveolar approximant

4. What are fricatives?
Fricatives are made by partially blocking the airflow, thus causing the friction-like noise characteristic of these sounds.

9. What are affricates?
English has two affricates plosives released with
frication –---just like "church" and "judge".
/t/- voiceless post-alveolar affricate
/d/- voiced post-alveolar affricate

11. / r/
/r/ is called an approximant in this book, in other books, it is called a fricative or frictionless-continuant according to the manner of articulation.

13. Homework
Listening and Speaking Practice
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