1. Problems in Phonemic Analysis
Chapter 13
Problems in Phonemic Analysis

2. Areas of difficulty Problem of analysis
What are the phonemes of a language?
Problem of assignment
How to assign a particular sound to a particular phoneme

3. Affricates t∫ dƷ (T-d) + (∫-Ʒ) Plosive +fricative Problems of analysis
Church /t∫3: t∫/ judge /dƷΛdƷ/
Affricates
t∫ dƷ
(T-d) + (∫-Ʒ)
Plosive +fricative

4. One-phoneme-analysis
We consider each pair of t∫ dƷ
As (a single consonant phoneme)
It increases number of phonemes
T - ∫ t∫ d - Ʒ dƷ

5. Two- phoneme- analysis
We consider each pair of t∫ dƷ
composed of two phonemes each
t + ∫ d Ʒ
It keeps number of phonemes smaller
As they already exist in language

6. Which analysis is more economic?
two- phoneme –analysis

7. Which analysis is chosen by phonologists?
one –phoneme- analysis

8. Why? One-phoneme-analysis
there are for augments:
1. phonetic or (allophonic)
2. phonetic distribution
3. Consonant clusters
4. Native speakers of English

9. 1. Phonetic or allophonic
There is no phonetic difference between
t - ∫ or d - Ʒ in
t∫ dƷ
t - ∫ or d - Ʒ
in other contexts eg:
/∫ / in
Hutch is the same in hush or welsh
/hΛt∫/ /hΛ∫/ /wel∫/
Watch apes is the same as what shapes
/wDt∫ eips/ /wDt ∫eips/

10. 2. Phonetic distribution
/t∫/ - /dƷ/ have phonetic distribution (they occur initially – medially – finally) /t∫3:r t∫/ /wDt∫iη / /kæt∫/

11. 3. Consonant clusters
/t∫/ - /dƷ/ form consonant clusters (combine freely with consonants) Wathed wedged buldge /wDt∫t/ /wedƷd/ /bΛldƷ/

12. Native speakers’ view Native speakers feel that /t∫/ - /dƷ/
are one sounds each

13. Say √ or ×
In the problem of analysis it is hard to assign sounds to phonemes √
In the two-phoneme analysis , /t∫/ is treated as
A combination of two phonemes
The one –phoneme analysis is more economic ×

14. Say √ or ×
In the allophonic argument it said that the quality of t - ∫ in /t∫/ is different from t - ∫ in other contexts ×
The phonetic distribution of /dƷ / supports the two- phoneme analysis
/t∫/ - /dƷ/ combine freely to form consonant clusters √