1. The Peloponnesian War & Alexander the Great
Ancient Greece

2. Key Vocabulary
Peloponnesian War - a war between Athens and Sparta that brought to an end the Athenian Empire.
Phillip II - King of Macedonia who conquered the Greeks in 338 BC.

3. Essential Question
How did the relationships between city-states lead to the rise of Macedonia? Explain.

4. Warm Up
If Athens and Sparta decided to fight each other what would be the advantages of each?

5. Cause & Effect: Competition between Athens & Sparta
Both the Spartans and
the Athenians were
not trying to avoid conflict!!
Spartans had a superior Army and were well protected on land
Athens had the strongest Navy in Greece
Therefore both city-states had different advantages!
Competition between Sparta and Athens. Sparta formed alliances to challenge Delian League
Will start the Peloponnesian War

6. How could strengthening democracy have helped Athens to war?
Leaders could be swayed by popular opinion
Civic pride could convince some citizens that Athens was invincible!
How might the war increase Athens’ trade and prestige?
Navy would be able to conquer more ports (more foreign trade)
Keep Athenian enemies from trading with other cities

7. How could war be used to expand or strengthen Athens empire?
The victory would make Athens dominant in:
Military
Economy
Culture

8. Peloponnesian War When did it begin? Who started it?
431 BC.
Who started it?
The Spartans.
Who had the early advantage?
The Spartans went into the Athenian countryside, burning everything in their way (food especially). Pericles was forced to bring in all the people into the walls of Athens for their protection.
Are the Athenians going to go hungry?
No, as long as they can bring in food from the water.

9. What events occurred that hindered Athenian success?
During the 2nd year of war a plague killed 1/3 – 2/3 of Athenian citizens!
The defeat of the Athenian fleet in 415 BC at Syracuse.
Who won the war?
Sparta.
What was the affect on Athens?
The war was catastrophic for Athens. They were never able to regain their strength.
The city was still wealthy, was the center of culture, but never a political power again.
What was the affect on Sparta?
Sparta had won the war but had no idea what to do.
They didn’t become a great city, nor did they build a new empire.

11. Rise of Macedonia Why was the kingdom of Macedonia able to grow?
Because the Spartans and Athenians were fighting the Peloponnesian War against each other!
Where is Macedonia located?
North of Greece.
It was a kingdom of people in mountain villages.
Macedonians thought of themselves as Greek, but Greeks looked down on them.
Who ruled Macedonia?
King Phillip II

13. King Phillip II of Macedonia
Became King of Macedonia when he was only 23 years old in 359 BC.
Created a well trained army out of peasants.
He organized his army into phalanxes (A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears) which proved to be very successful.
He wanted to control Greece and destroy Persia.

14. Macedonian Success
In 338 BC, the Macedonians easily defeated the Greeks due to the city- states inability to work together.
The Greeks still had control of their local affairs, but the Macedonian’s had control over Greece.
In 336 BC, Philip II was killed and his son Alexander became king at 20 yrs. old.

15. Graphic Organizer

16. Reflection How could Democracy have pushed Athens into war?
What were the strengths of the Athenian and Spartan military?
What event helped cause the Athenian defeat?
Did Sparta benefit from their victory?