1. Philip of Macedon & Alexander the Great
Classical Greece
The Athenian Empire
The Peloponnesian War
Philip of Macedon & Alexander the Great

2. The Delian League
Defeated Persia in 479 BCE & claimed small parts of the coast of Asia Minor
Athens proposed an alliance to ward off any future Persian attack – Sparta opposed
Aristides organizes the Delian League to defend Greece
Each state sign a treaty and contribute to maintaining a fleet in the Agean
Athens provided all officials and commanders
Treasury and meetings held on island of Delos – Delian League
Membership soon became manditory
Lead by Kimon, the league defeats the Persians in 467 BCE and Pericles leads the liberation of Cyprus shortly after
A defeat to the Persians in 450 BCE prompts Pericles to move the treasury to Athens – beginning of the Athenian Empire

3. Delian League

4. Pericles & Democracy
Pericles was the greatest leader of ancient Greece
Democracy under Pericles
Every citizen could speak & vote on every piece of legislation in the Assembly
Every citizen had an equal chance to hold public office
Law cases determined by majority vote of citizen juries
Introduced pay for serving on the Council of 500, juries and in various civic offices – allowed even the poorest to serve

5. Pericles ( BCE)
“We judge the man who takes not part in public affairs a useless, not just a quiet, person” “Freedom is the sure possession of those alone who have the courage to defend it.” “Everyone is equal before the law”

7. Athens vs. Sparta Athens Sparta Sea power
Governed by radical democracy
Wealthy trading nation and empire
Very progressive in culture, art & architecture
Continued to expand its empire and wealth
Land power
Very conservative, oligarchic government
Virtually all wealth produced by slaves (helots)
Produced little significant literature, art or philosophy
Sought alliances to protect itself, not expand its influence

8. Ancient Sparta

9. Athens today

10. The Peloponnesian War: Rivalry Between Sparta & Athens
464 BCE an earthquake destroyed much of Sparta
This event triggered a massive revolt of the helots (Spartan slaves from neighbouring Messenia)
By 462 revolt was so serious Sparta called on the Athenians, as well as other allies for help
Kimon (Athenian general) convinced Athens to send 4000 soldiers, but when they arrived they were sent away
Sparta feared the Athenians would support the slaves
Kimon is later ostracised

11. The Peloponnesian War: Part 1
Athens and Sparta had signed a 30 year peace treaty in 445 BCE
Athenian Alliance: Delian League
Spartan Alliance: Peloponnesian League
Athens excluded Corinth and Megara, members of the Peloponnesian League, from trade in the Aegean – triggered Peloponnesian war

13. The Peloponnesian War: Part 2
Pericles takes measures to defend Athens – builds 2 long walls from the port of Piraeus so that food & supplies could be brought into Athens
Athens was rich and well prepared
Plague struck in 430 BCE – devastated Athens & took Pericles
War lasted 27 years!

14. The Peloponnesian War: Part 3
Athens foolishly tries to conquer Syracuse – a very costly failure
In 408 Sparta turns to Persia for aid –Persia supplies Sparta with ships
In 405 Athens is finally defeated
30 tyrants are placed in charge of Athens – reign of terror for 8 months
403 Athens is retaken by exiles favouring democracy and recovers, but will never be a great power again

15. Philip The Great
After Peloponnesian War, Sparta tries to dominate Greek city-states - unsuccessful
Philip of Macedon – king of Macedonia – held hostage in Thebes – learned new battle tactics of Greeks
Returns to Macedonia and creates a professional army, defeating the Greeks in 338 BCE – unites all Greek states under single leader
Philip is assassinated before he could launch invasion of Persia. Leadership passes to his son Alexander

16. 20 years old when he assumes leadership
Alexander the Great
20 years old when he assumes leadership
Tutored by Aristotle for a while
Had a genius for identifying the weakness of his enemy
334 sets out to conquer Persia with only 35,000 soldiers
Conquers the entire Near East (to India) and much of the Mediterraean
Dreamed of conquering the entire world, but died of illness just before his 33rd birthday

17. Significance of Alexander: The Hellenistic Age
The death of Alexander marks end of the Classical Age ( BCE) & the beginning of the Hellenistic Age ( BCE)
Greek teachers, soldiers, craftsmen, artists, writers etc… pour into the newly conquered areas
Greek culture is very attractive, especially to the educated, and significantly influenced every society it encountered
Greek language became the language of the educated class and Greek culture, literature and philosophy would be hugely influential in much of the Near East for the next several hundred years

19. The End
After Alexander’s death his empire is divided amongst his generals
Seleucus takes Asia – establsihes Seleucid dynasty
Ptolemy takes Egypt and Libya
Antigonus takes Europe
Rome would conquer Greece in 146 BCE
Greek city states would continue to govern their internal affairs – often democratically